How hot is the air in the top (crown) of a hot air balloon? Information from Ballooning: The Complete Guide to Riding the Winds, by Wirth and Young (Random House), claims that the air in the crown should be an average of 100°C for a balloon to be in a state of equilibrium. However, the temperature does not need to be exactly 100°C. What is a reasonable and safe range of temperatures? This range may vary with the size and (decorative) shape of the balloon. All balloons have a temperature gauge in the crown. Suppose that 58 readings (for a balloon in equilibrium) gave a mean temperature of x = 97°C. For this balloon, ? ≈ 22°C. (a) Compute a 95% confidence interval for the average temperature at which this balloon will be in a steady-state equilibrium. (Round your answers to one decimal place.) lower limit _______ °C upper limit _______ °C

Consider two containers with the same volume and temperature.   The first container is labelled "Dry" and holds "dry" air = a ratio of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2). The second container is labelled "Humid" and holds "moist" air = the SAME ratio of nitrogen and oxygen, but also contains water (H2O) vapor. According to the ideal gas law, if the pressures are equal, the weight of the gas inside the "Dry" container will be

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Incandescent lightbulbs are filled with an inert gas to lengthen the filament life. With the current off ( at T = 20.0 degrees Celsius ), the gas inside a lightbulb has a pressure of 113 kPa. When the bulb is burning, the temperature rises to 89.4 degrees Celsius. What is the pressure at the higher temperature?

A bicycle tire has a pressure of 6.80 ✕ 105 N/m2 at a temperature of 19.0°C and contains 2.30 L of gas. What will its pressure be (in Pa) if you let out an amount of air that has a volume of 120 cm3 at atmospheric pressure? Assume tire temperature and volume remain constant.  _________Pa

An air bubble has a volume of 1.70 cm3 when it is released by a submarine 115 m below the surface of a lake. What is the volume of the bubble when it reaches the surface? Assume the temperature and the number of air molecules in the bubble remain constant during its ascent. ?cm3

Suppose that the rms speed of carbon dioxide molecules, with molar mass of 44.0 g/mol, in a flame is found to be 1.2 × 105 m/s a.What temperature, in kelvins, does this represent?  b. What temperature, in celsius does this represent?

Two students in a physics lab have to construct a constant-volume gas thermometer as part of their end of year project. They use liquid nitrogen (-196°C) and boiling pentane (36.1°C) to calibrate the thermometer. The corresponding values of pressure are 0.420 atm and 1.325 atm. The students plot a pressure versus temperature graph with pressure on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis. (a) Determine the y intercept and slope of the linear graph that relates the pressure to the temperature. slope     atm/°C y intercept     atm b) What value of absolute zero do the students get from this calibration?°C(c) What pressure readings would this thermometer give for the freezing and boiling points of water? freezing point     atm boiling point     atm