How does Wilson differentiate new racial barriers to ones in the antebellum and Jim Crow era?     a.     In the antebellum and Jim Crow era racial barriers were harsh because they were mostly implemented by Whites. This creates a system in which Black people are in animosity to the concept of Whiteness. In the modern era, both Black and White people implement systems of discrimination, making resistance less straightforward.     b.     In the antebellum and Jim Crow era racial barriers were based around physical violence. Today they are based around psychological control.     c.     Answer 1 and 2.      d.     In the antebellum and Jim Crow era, racial barriers were overt and easily documented. They were in your face. In the latter half of the 20th century a new set of obstacles have emrged fr

a.     In the antebellum and Jim Crow era racial barriers were harsh because they were mostly implemented by Whites. This creates a system in which Black people are in animosity to the concept of Whiteness. In the modern era, both Black and White people implement systems of discrimination, making resistance less straightforward.

b.     In the antebellum and Jim Crow era racial barriers were based around physical violence. Today they are based around psychological control.

c.     Answer 1 and 2. 

d.     In the antebellum and Jim Crow era, racial barriers were overt and easily documented. They were in your face. In the latter half of the 20th century a new set of obstacles have emrged from shifts in the economy, obstacles which a impersonal but in many ways more formidable

a.     Answer 2 and 3

b.     White workers in the north of the country were more urbanized in the south and therefore had a stronger class consciousness and were able to ally with the migrating Black working class during the Jim Crow and industrial expansion era, during the mordern era these links broke down due to the breaking of the unions.

c.     In the Jim Crow era White workers in the southern economy looked to eliminate Black competition in the labor market by creating an elaborate system of segregation. Racial antagonism in the period was related to labor conflicts. In the modern era, changes in the system of production has put Black people in non-unionized undesirable jobs or in government or industry jobs which are unionized or restricted to the educated. There is no racial conflict in the labor market today. 

d.     In the Jim Crow era White workers in the southern economy looked to create their own indempendent economic systems completely seperated from Black economic life. In the modern era, White and Black economic life was much more intertwined and dependent on each other.

a.     More Black people have entered law enforcement, however Police violence which impacts all, and prevents Black people from feeling safe in their own neighborhoods. 

b.     The Black middle class has been able to benefit from the growth in employment opportunities due to the economic restructuring wrought by the growth of the governmental and corporate sectors, but these systems have exacerbated the economic issues impacting lower class Black people.

c.     Barriers to education has meant that the Black middle class has only been able to get specific jobs within the corporate sectore, they have been blocked from leadership roles and therefore are stagnated in lower class positions.

d.     Black people have overwhelmingly been drawn into a life of drugs and crime, reflecting their propensity for such things due to broken home lives.