How does translation in prokaryotes begin before transcription ends?

The process of protein synthesis is accomplished through translation. The translation is a process of conversion of RNA codon sequences into their respective amino acid sequences and finally to a specific protein. This process mainly occurs in the ribosomes. It’s a crucial process for a cell and organism’s proper functioning by the accurate synthesis of proteins.

The translation is divided majorly into three steps namely initiation, elongation and termination.

Initiation process includes binding of ribosomes on mRNA. It begins with a start codon 5’AUG that codes for methionine. Elongation occurs in the ribosome that contains two tRNA binding sites, one to hold peptide and one that accepts the tRNA. All of these steps are yielded by hydrolysis of ATP. Ribosomes translocate along mRNA molecule with the association of charged tRNA on each codon continuing the cycle from N terminal to C terminal. Termination of transcription happens when the three stop codon enters the A site where no tRNA can bind. Hence, the polypeptide gets released and the ribosomes dissociates. The protein thus formed is then translocated according to its target site preferences and its function.