How does hormone binding to its receptor differ from substrate binding to an enzyme?

Describe the difference between agonist and antagonist. What is a role of    G-protein coupled receptors?

Bodybuilders use a variety of anabolic substances to gain mass. Two such compounds are insulin and trenbolone. Insulin has significant anabolic and anti-catabolic properties and impacts the metabolism of various macromolecules, not just that of carbohydrates. Trenbolone binds the androgen receptor with an affinity five times higher than that of testosterone and is popular for its fat-burning and anabolic properties. H. Trenbolone C18H2202 Insulin C257H383NosO77S6 How do the different targets, mechanisms of action and durations of each drug ultimately lead to the same desired effect (increase in lean body mass)?

Overexpression of this receptor in the cells of the adrenal gland causes Cushing's syndrome, a disease caused by the overproduction of cortisol. One strategy that scientists have employed to treat this disease is the use of small molecules that bind to, but do not activate, MC2R. This type of molecule is generically referred to as an antagonist. How can an antagonist bind to the same receptor as ACTH but not activate it? O a. The antagonist can bind covalently while ACTH binds non-covalently O b. The antagonist is only partially complimentary to the binding pocket of MC2R O The antagonist binds to ACTH and blocks it from binding to the receptor properly O d. The antagonist is the exact same structure as ACTH but since it is synthetic it doesn't work One cause of Cushing's syndrome is the inappropriate production of GPCRS in the adrenal gland that are not normally present in those cells. When these receptors are activated they result in the production of cortisol. Which statement about…

Which of the following results are most likely to be observed in liver enzymes following initiation of glucagon signaling? O Enzymes that showed lower activity were unphosphorylated. Enzymes that showed altered activity (higher or lower) were methylated. Enzymes that showed altered activity (higher or lower) were phosphorylated. Enzymes that showed higher activity were sulfonated.

Insulin is a blank a soluble hormone. Therefore it can/cannot cross the plasma membrane.

What are the roles of the following signaling molecules in the glucagon pathway:  Second messenger Kinase (promoting the pathway) Kinase (inhibiting the pathway)

Unlike the glucocorticoid receptor, the thyroid receptor has an activity even in the absence of thyroid hormone.  Explain the activity of the receptor under these conditions and how hormone binding changes the activity.

What kind of protein is the reactor in insulin signaling pathway: a ligand-gated channel, a G protein-linked receptor, or an enzyme- linked receptor? The receptor activates a specific kind of protein, Based on what that protein does, what is it called?

How are thyroid hormones transportes in the bloodstream ? Why ? Do the hormones enter the target cell directly ? Describe briefly the sequence of events when thyroid hormones bind to their receptors.