How does HIV establish a chronic infection?    A HIV attacks macrophages   B HIV stimulates a Th17 response that which fails to control initial virus replication   C Integration into CD4 T cell genomes leading to eventual loss of these cells.    D Generates immunity at the mucosal surfaces, but does not control the systemic infection   E Generates a T cell but not an antibody response to the virus

Q: A Virus viral antigen List the Virus different cell D Activates | types (A to E) Activates Activates…

A: Immunity can be classified into innate immunity and acquired immunity. The inborn first-line defense…

Q: What must happen in order for a donor organ to not be rejected by the recipient? The MHC complexes…

A: Transplantation is done with the heart, spleen, liver, blood vessels, eyes, and tissues from one…

Q: Helper T cells that have been activated   a Can activate macrophages b Can stimulate cytotoxic T…

A: The major histocompatibility complex, abbreviated as MHC, is a set or group of glycoproteins that…

Q: What is an epitope? O the part of a molecule that an antibody binds to an antibody that binds to a…

A: Immune system protects our body from invading pathogens such as bacteria, virus, fungi, etc. It…

Q: Question 9 Which structures both capture incoming microorganisms of the mouth and help develop…

A: Immune system defends body against foreign invaders. These include bacteria, viruses, and fungus, as…

Q: 54.Host defenses: Which substances can activate host cells to produce AVP's, AntiViral Proteins in…

A: Antiviral responses are activated rapidly after viral infection in order to control and prevent…

Q: Why are monitoring virus loads and T-cell counts important to those who are HIV positive?

A: HIV or human immunodeficiency viruses are the two lentiviral species that generally cause infection…

Q: 17. The most proinflammatory potent innate immune cytokines are TNF and IL 1 TNF O IL 1 IL 10

A: Cytokines, known as a broad category of small secreted proteins play an important role in cell…

Q: Which of the following are specific immune responses (select all that apply)? o T lymphocyte…

A: Immunity is defined as the intrinsic ability of the body to fight against infections and diseases.…

Q: cells of the immune system attack "alien" eukaryotic cells. O Antigen O Antibody O Tlymphocyte O B…

A: The immune system of the body is responsible for protecting the body against various substances that…

Q: Arrange the following events during the development of adaptive immune response in the order they…

A: Adaptive immune response It is also referred as the acquired immune response. It constitutes…

Q: What is the innate nonspecific immune system? O a. the production of antibody molecules against…

A: Answer : Option (a) is right. - the production of antibody molecules against pathogens.

Q: Compared to Type III hypersensitivities, reactions primarily involve -cell activity. Type IV…

A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: Which cytokine does not activate NK cells early in a viral infection? a. IFN-a b. IFN-b c. IFN-g d.…

A: Interferon alpha or a is produced due to leukocytes infected with virus. Interferon beta or b…

Q: Why is HIV a dangerous pathogen? O it mutates at a very high rate the virus prevents recognition and…

A: Introduction :- A pathogen is defined as the disease-casuative agent , it can be a bacteria , virus…

Q: Why is the secondary immune response so much stronger than theprimary response?a. Because high…

A: Answer is c.)  because memory B cells can rapidly convert to plasma cells.

Q: The "skin test" is diagnostic for tuberculosis. What is the principle behind this test? O…

A: Tuberculosis is a very common disease that is caused due to the infection of bacteria Mycobacterium…

Q: What is the function of memory T-cells? Select one: a. Pump out chemical weapons and stimulate…

A: Memory T cells are produced by naive T cells that are activated, but never entered with…

Q: Explain weather discuss the effects of ageing on the functionality of T cell Discuss weather if…

A: Introduction: T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell that play a…

Q: When the body is exposed to the same virus a second time, the immune response is Accompanied by…

A: Any foreign substances or pathogen can be harmful to an organism. Hence, the organism will develop…

Q: Cytotoxic T cells

A: A shorter reaction time with more antibody produced

Q: HIV causes immunodeficiency by attackinga. memory B cells. c. plasma cells.b. helper T cells. d.…

A: HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Viruses are types of Lentivirus that infect Humans. Here we will see…

Q: When virus enters into our body, many cells acquire antiviral state due to: a Acquiring resistance…

A: When virus enters our body many cells acquire antiviral state due to INTERFERON PRODUCTION (e)

Q: What is the function of a helper T cell? OA. to destroy cells that are already infected OB. to…

A: Helper t cells are helpful in adaptive immunity in our body. These cells recognise foreign antigens…

Q: What types of cells could be involved in specific immune reactionsagainst the rabies virus?a. T…

A: Viruses are microscopic parasites, typically much smaller than bacteria. They lack the ability to…

Q: 23. Cytotoxic T cells cells and produce O opsonize, cytokines O burst, histamine O crenate,…

A:

Q: which type of t-cells is specifically targeted by HIV

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a causative agent for the development of AIDS. Once entered,…

Q: Select all that apply: Which of the cells kill in the same manner? ONK cells Regulartory T cells O…

A: NK cells are a type of lymphocyte, which is a white blood cell involved in the immune response. NK…

Q: An antibody that is produced very early in immune response and strongly agglutinates the most…

A: Antibodies are certain type of proteins molecules produced by B-lymphocytes in the response to…

Q: Vhich of the following is NOT a function of localized inflammation? O a. Destroy and block microbes…

A: Provide microbes with pathways to enter the circulatory system and spread

Q: Which statement about B-cell receptors (BCR) is true?

A: The immune system of the body is the system that is responsible for providing protection to the body…

Q: Which part of the immune system makes it unlikely for you to get chicken pox more than once? O a.…

A: Introduction :- The adaptive immune response is a complex defense mechanism of the body against…

Q: Which hypersensitivities are T-cell mediated?a. type I b. type II c. type IIId. type IV

A: Hypersensitivity is also called intolerance, or hypersensitivity reaction. Hypersensitivity is an…

Q: These white blood cells attack virus - infected cells in the body.     helper T cells…

A: WBC or white blood cells are an integral part of the immune system of the body. These cells enable…

Q: Killer T-cells help protect us from viral infections. Explain the mechanism of their action.

A: Virus are amongest the most dangerous micoorganisms. They replicate only within living host. And…

Q: Which of the following apply to a secondary O A small number of antigen-specific lymphocytes O A…

A: Immune responses to antigens or pathogenic agents may be categorised as primary or secondary immune…

Q: Which of the following stimuli does NOT activate the inflammasome? O Endogenous cytokines O Viruses…

A: Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that play important roles in the innate immune…

Q: Select the protein that is incorrectly matched with its location. reverse transcriptase; interior…

A: Introduction :- Throughout a person's lifespan, the function of T cells changes a little. Naive T…

Q: cella which would If an antigen piesenting ced is presenting antigens from an axtracellular…

A: HGHG

Q: 6. Thymic positive selection of T cells means? a. T cells that recognize non self peptides are…

A: The thymus is the organ where the T cells of the immune system mature after getting produced in the…

Q: Cytotoxic T Cells attack O pathogens, rapid growth and division O pathogens, apoptosis (cell death)…

A: Introduction Immunity is defined as the ability of the body to fight against the pathogens. There…