Q: Why should Ghana produce their own vaccine?
A: Ghana is an African country. Its natural resources include Gold mining makes it developing country…
Q: In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the…
A: Inflammation It is defined as a biological response of the immune system which is stimulated by…
Q: What are different methods used to generate vaccines?
A: Vaccines are used artificially to induce an immune response. By using the vaccine, antibodies…
Q: What are the pros and cons of inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines?
A: Inactivated vaccine contains virus , bacteria or pathogens but it is inactivated by the chemical…
Q: Effective vaccines have been developed against diseases such as hepatitis B,smallpox, polio,…
A: The agents which stimulate the immune system and provide protection against infections/diseases are…
Q: Do you think it is important in a clinical trial to have Moderna vaccine and placebo be similar? Why…
A: A vaccine is synthesized cocktail of substances which also resembles an antigen or foreign bacteria…
Q: Explain what an mRNA vaccine is and elaborate on how it differs from other types of vaccines
A: A biological preparation that is administered to a person to develop active acquired immunity…
Q: Explain the properties of a subunit vaccine. Also explain how these types of vaccines provide…
A: Subunit vaccines are a type of vaccines which contain only selected parts of antigens or purified…
Q: What is the purpose of a vaccine
A: The process of vaccination was first devised by Edward Jenner. The concept of vaccination striked…
Q: What is the DNA vaccine?
A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…
Q: How does vaccine revolutionize science at present time?
A: Answer: Introduction: A vaccine can prevent the infection by having less than three doses of the…
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of an inactivated virus vaccine?
A: Vaccines are used to prevent infectious diseases. There are vaccines available for various diseases…
Q: What are the components of the yearly influenza vaccine?
A: Influenza vaccines are the vaccines that are produced to provide immunity against infections caused…
Q: how varicella vaccine works in our body to prevent chicken pox?
A: CHICKEN POX also known as varicella is an infection that is obtained from a contagious virus named…
Q: Why is it difficult to develop a universal flu vaccine?
A: A universal flu vaccine refers to the type of vaccine that will be functional against all kinds of…
Q: Describe two advantages of an inactivated vaccine over an attenuated one.
A: There are numerous pathogens that are present in the environment that can potentially harm the body…
Q: please help explain would SARS-CoV-2 N-nucleocasid protein be good target for neutralizing…
A: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)- coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) has caused the COVID-19 pandemic of…
Q: the Salk vaccine require a booster?
A: The poliomyelitis virus causes Polio. The virus infects the nerve cells in the spinal cord, thereby…
Q: How would a baby benefit from a nursing mother receiving a vaccine for COVID-19?
A: There are not any information on the protection of COVID-19 vaccines in lactating mother or on the…
Q: What are advantages and disadvantages of the antibody test with the coronavirus?
A: We know that The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for…
Q: What are different types and the effectiveness of vaccines?
A: Vaccines are the boon of the 21st century warding off all preventable diseases with a swift…
Q: Of the following types of vaccines: attenunated live or inactivated whole agent, which is more…
A: Vaccine:It provides the immunity against one or numerous diseases. It is a substance that is used to…
Q: Why is an HIV vaccine needed? Describe and explain in detail
A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that contains a single stranded RNA as its…
Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…
A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…
Q: What are steps in making an inactivated vaccine?
A: Vaccinations and Immunizations started in the 18th century, with the Smallpox Vaccination, created…
Q: Regarding inactivated vaccines and mRNA vaccines, what are the advantages of one over the other?
A: The basic principle of vaccination or immunization is based on the features of “memory” of the…
Q: Why doesn't a vaccine cause a person to get ill?
A: Infectious diseases are diseases caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus or other pathogens.…
Q: Why does an inactivated vaccine induce only a humoral response, whereas an attenuated vaccine…
A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…
Q: Why is COVID 19 and getting the vaccinated important, citing from a source?
A: NB: for your kind knowledge, according to Bartleby rules and regulations we can't mention…
Q: Most vaccines are designed to be preventative or prophylactic. What does this mean?
A: Vaccine provides active acquired immunity to the human’s against the specific organism. Thus vaccine…
Q: Why do vaccine manufacturers begin with tests on animals or cell lines before moving on to adult…
A: Vaccines are the antigens that are administered into the body.
Q: What is the effect of not adding the primary antibody to the ELISA reaction?
A: ELISA or Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assey or immunoassay (EIA) was first described by Engvall and…
Q: What is a recombinant DNA vaccine?Give two examples.
A: Vaccines are either attenuated or dead agents of disease which when administered into a healthy…
Q: How do mRNA vaccine work?
A: Vaccine is a product that stimulates a person's immune system to produce immunity to a specific…
Q: How different are theactions of antibodies againstbacteria and against virus?Why is the cellular…
A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…
Q: How is a vaccine created
A: Vaccines contain microscopic pieces of the disease-causing microorganism, as well as the blueprints…
Q: Which vaccine was being tested on mice?
A: Mice are used as a model organism in the research. It is because of the fact that they are…
Q: What do ACIP, FDA, and CDC stand for, and what is the role of each in evaluating vaccines?
A: Answer: Introduction: ACIP: ACIP stands for ‘The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.'
Q: In influenza virus, what is antigenic shift and how does it occur?
A: Influenza is a common viral infection that is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,…
Q: Describe the key process in vaccine manufacturing
A: Vaccine is the biological preparation of infectious particles in inactivated or dead form. There are…
Q: Why are vaccines important ?
A:
Q: Why does the eliza with two antibodies incubate after adding the substrates?
A: ELISA are a type of immunoassay that are commonly used to quantify the specific target within a…
Q: What is the best option for the COVID-19 vaccine and why? State your reason with more than 500 words
A: SARS-CoV-2 very epidemic virus responsible for disease like Coronavirus (i.e. COVID-19), is an…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Figure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?The diagram below shows the Covid-19 virus with its spike protein. It also shows the area on the spike protein which binds to the ACE2 receptor (receptor binding domain). Corona Virus Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Spike Protein In order to get into a cell, the Covid-19 virus needs to bind to the ACE2 receptor. Once bound it is brought into the cell. These receptors are found on cells making up various tissues (oral and nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, lung, stomach, small intestine, colon, skin, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney, and brain). The symptoms for Covid-19 are linked to the tissue cells the virus infects. To the right is a diagram showing the biding of the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. SARS-COV-2 Spike (S) Host Cell ACE2 acerDuring infection of a cell by Coronavirus, the N protein is: found on the outer surface of the virus particles synthesized on bound ribosomes on the rough ER synthesized in the cytosol on free ribosomes part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase required for binding of the virus particle to cells
- The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has the amino acid substitution G339D in the spike protein on the virus surface. In cellular fluids at -pH 7 the wild type spike protein has a net negative charge. This substitution will make the spike protein: less negative absorb UV light more strongly at 280 nm more negative more hydrophobiceach virus bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, so prevention of viral attachment how would you create a drug which will prevent viral attachment.Which protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to the ACE2 receptor on human cells? the ORF3 protein O the DPP4 protein the M protein O the NS46 protein O the spike protein
- Researchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able to circumvent its host cell's normal defenses by leaving the cell via its lyso- somes rather than its normal secretory vesicles, as illustrated in the figure below. endoplasmic reticulum nucleus disrupted lysosomal functions Entry and egress of the SARS-CoV-2 virus A Golgi complex Which of the following best explains their findings? B lysosome (deacidified) С lysosome (acidified) B-coronavirus normal biosynthetic pathway egress via lysosomal trafficking SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them. D SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them.How can DNA/RNA viruses trigger cancer by inserting into infected cells chromosomes for a particular Virus ? Mechanism of action of virus genomeWhich of the following components of a virus is NOT encoded by its own genome? O capsid of HIV O lipid bilayer of HIV envelope O spike glycoproteins of HIV envelope O anchoring structures of bacteriophage
- Viruses with negative sense RNA genomes typically, make proteins by: (Ignore retroviruses, and the unusual characteristics of coronaviruses) Translation of short RNA transcripts generated by RDRP Generating a DNA copy, which is then transcribed by host RNA polymerase. Translation of the viral genome by host ribosomes. Production of a polyprotein, which must be cleaved into smaller proteins. Generating a negative sense genome copy, which is then translated by host ribosomes.Of all the double-stranded DNA animal viruses, poxviruses stand out concerning one unique aspect of theirDNA replication process. What is this unique aspect, andhow can this be accomplished without special DNAreplication enzymes being packaged in the virion?Rhinovirus, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.