How do tube-building annelid worms attach or cling to rocks? 2. How do segmented worms attach or cling to rocks?

1.  State the function of the following parts of the genus Romalea (grasshopper): antenna, tympanum, spiracles, ovipositor (female), gastric caeca, malphigian tubules, tracheae, air sacs    What are the hairlike appendages called that anchor into the skin of annelids? What structures do earthworms have to help dispose of nitrogenous wastes? Briefly describe how earthworms reproduce and what structures are involved.

Regarding bivalve burrowing: 1) If the penetration anchor (PA) is formed and the circular muscle of the foot contract, what would be the consequence?   2) What happens when the adductor muscles contract?

5.  Differentiate the classes of Echinodermata based on the body structures. 6.  Differentiate the different subphyla of Arthropods based on their body structures.