Answered: How do buffers work? Explain using…

How do buffers work? Explain using H2CO3-NaHCO3 buffer by writing the equations for: (a) dissociation with water (b) addition of HCl (c) addition of NaOH

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter10: Acids, Bases, And Salts

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.120EP: Identify the buffer system(s)the conjugate acidbase pair(s)present in a solution that contains equal...

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Question

How do buffers work? Explain using H₂CO₃-NaHCO₃ buffer by writing the equations for:

(a) dissociation with water

(b) addition of HCl

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Identify the buffer system(s)the conjugate acidbase pair(s)present in a solution that contains equal molar amounts of the following: a. HF, KC2H3O2, NaC2H3O2, and NaF b. HNO3, NaOH, H3PO4, and NaH2PO4
Write the chemical equation and the expression for the equilibrium constant, and calculate Kb for the reaction of each of the following ions as a base. (a) sulfate ion (b) citrate ion
Explain why barium fluoride dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid but is insoluble in water.
a)What is the pH of a mixture of 0.042 M NaH2PO4 and 0.058 M Na2HPO4? (b) If 1.0 mL of 10.0 M NaOH is added to a liter of the buffer prepared in (a),how much will the pH change? (c) If 1.0 mL of 10.0 M NaOH is added to a liter of pure water at pH 7.0, whatis the final pH? Compare this with the answer in (b).
a) What is the pH of a buffer solution that is made by dissolving 125.5 g of sodium benzoate and 166.9g of benzoic acid in 500 mL of water? (b) What is the pH if you added 26.7 mL of 2.22 M NaOH to 254 mL of the buffer solution from above? (c) What is the pH if you added 32.8 mL of 3.36 M HCl to 354 mL of the buffer solution from above? Dont
(a) Calculate the pH of a buffer system containing 1.0 M CH3COOH and 1.0 M CH3COONa.(b) What is the pH of the buffer system after the addition of 0.10 mole of HCl to 1.0 L of thesolution? Assume that the volume of the solution does not change when the HCl is added.
A 0.018 M solution of salicylic acid, HOC6H4CO2H, has the same pH as 0.0038 M HNO3solution. (a) Write an equation for the ionization of salicylic acid in aqueous solution. (Assume only the –CO2H portion of the molecule ionizes.) (b) What is the pH of solution containing 0.018 M salicylic acid? (c) Calculate the Ka of salicylic acid.
An important component of blood is the buffer combination of bicarbonate ion and carbonic acid. Consider blood with a pH of 7.42. (a) What is the ratio of [H2CO3] to [HCO3− ]?(b) What does the pH become if 14% of the bicarbonate ions are converted to carbonic acid? (c) What does the pH become if 26% of the carbonic acid molecules are converted to bicarbonate ions?
In each of the following questions, assume that there is no volume change when HCl is added to water in part (a) or the phosphate buffer in part (c). (a) Calculate the pH when 0.091 moles of HCl are added to 1.000 liter of water. (b) What is the difference between the pH of pure water (pH 7.00) and the pH of the solution after HCl was added? (c) Calculate the pH when 0.091 moles of HCl are added to 1.000 liters of a buffer containing 0.352M KH2PO4 and 0.321 M K2HPO4. (d) The pH before the HCl was added is equal to 7.168. What is the difference between the pH before adding the HCl and after adding the HCl?
One way to distinguish a buffer solution with an acid solution is by dilution. (a) consider a buffer solution made of a 0.5 M CH3COOH and 0.5 M CH3COONa. Calculate its pH and the pH after it has been diluted 10-fold. (b) compare the result in (a) with the pHs of a 0.5M CH3COOH solution before and after it has been diluted 10-fold.
You are asked to prepare a pH = 3.00 buffer starting from 2.00 L of 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH). (a) What is the pH of the benzoic acid solution prior to adding sodium benzoate? (hint: write the reaction equation for the acid dissociation and then use the equilibrium constant expression to calculate [H + ]) (b) How many grams of sodium benzoate should be added to prepare the buffer? Neglect the small volume change that occurs when the sodium benzoate is added.(hint: use the equilibrium constant expression to calculate [C6H5COO− ] in the buffer)
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