How can one most effectively create a point2D? How can you determine how far apart two Point 2D instances, p1 and p2, really are? Where exactly do you look to determine where the two spots coincide?

Solid modelling enables designers to shape and sculpt an object as opposed to just joining lines together. Explain?

Given an old model and you have a new model, and both models return the prob for each pixel that it is a human or not, how would you determine the quality of the two models? What if the test data is very hard or very easy, how would that change your test result? (IoU, Dice coefficient, Pixel accuracy)

I want to scale a rectangle in OpenGL using the scaling transformation matrix. The vertices of the rectangle are (325,320), (460,320), (460,150), and (325,150). I have defined a function to execute the transformation and kept the scaling factor as the parameter of the function. But when I call the function, the rectangle reduces in size but does not stay in its initial position. How can I scale it while keeping it in its original position? Here's my code for scaling the rectangle: def scaling(sc): s = np.array([[sc, 0, 0], [0, sc, 0], [0, 0, 1]]) v1 = np.array([[325], [320], [1]]) v2 = np.array([[460], [320], [1]]) v3 = np.array([[460], [150], [1]]) v4 = np.array([[325], [150], [1]]) v11 = np.matmul(s, v1) v22 = np.matmul(s, v2) v33 = np.matmul(s, v3) v44 = np.matmul(s, v4) glColor3f(1.5, 0.17, 0) glBegin(GL_QUADS) glVertex2f(v11[0][0], v11[1][0]) glVertex2f(v22[0][0], v22[1][0]) glVertex2f(v33[0][0], v33[1][0]) glVertex2f(v44[0][0], v44[1][0]) glEnd()