How can gut microflora protect people from infection?

Q: Which of the following describes a cytokine that typically cause a leukocyte to undergo…

A: Leukocyte extravasation (additionally ordinarily known as leukocyte grip course or diapedesis – the…

Q: How does the immune system fights tetanus?

A: Tetnus is a very fatal infection caused by clostridium tetani  This bacteria can be found in  soil…

Q: Attraction of leukocytes to an inflammatory site is called b) chemotaxis X) margination e)…

A: The immune system of the body is responsible for fighting the infections in the body and providing…

Q: Staphlococcus epidermis appears ............ whereas Escherichia coli appears ........ after the…

A: Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms that do not have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed…

Q: A) What is resident flora? B) How might resident flora prevent infection AND cause infection?

A: Note: “Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first…

Q: 1) Which line of defense are these immune response components part of? A) Complement: B)…

A: Immune system helps in protection of organism against disease.Immune system helps in detection and…

Q: Is the human microbiome the key to our health? Explain briefly.

A: The microbiome is the collection of all the microbes that live on and in the human body. The…

Q: 1. Which of the following is NOT part of the complement system? a) Antigen presenting cells b)…

A: Immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist or defend against a specific pathogen or…

Q: The first cell type active in the innate response is usually a(n)       A) phagocyte.…

A: The innate immune system is the first line of defence in the body.

Q: 3. A 28-year-old man has the rash shown on his elbows and knees. Abnormal proliferation of which of…

A: Infection is basically entry , establishment and multiplication of disease causing agent inside the…

Q: What is the length of the infectious period given β =  0.002 S = 500 y = 0.2, R0= 5, and threshold…

A: R0 can be defined as the basic reproductive number of a contagious disease. It is represented by the…

Q: Lysozyme does which of the following?a) Disrupts cell membranesb) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycanc)…

A: Lysozyme, otherwise called muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial…

Q: What term describes microbial molecules of pathogens such as peptidoglycan and LPS that can trigger…

A: Innate immunity is an in- born immunity what Ch gives protection against the invading pathogen or…

Q: Cystic fibrosis usually results in chloride channels that do not work properly. This leads to many…

A: Introduction:-  In normal cells the CFTR gene does the function of moving chloride ion from the…

Q: Our bodies are covered in bacteria, even pathogenic strains. Name and describe three defenses our…

A: The skin is the largest organ of the human body. The skin, along with its derivatives, such as hair,…

Q: Which one is not non-specific immune response?  a) antibady, b) phagocytosis, c) interferons, d)…

A: Pathogen or foreign particles are disease causing agents which when enter inside the body and cause…

Q: Who produce highest number of antibiotics?

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances produced by certain microorganisms such as bacteria and…

Q: How would damage to the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract predispose a person to infection?

A: The trachea and bronchi contains ciliated epithelial layer. The mucus is secreted by the goblet…

Q: A patient has their spleen removed due to an accident.  How will this affect the immune response?

A: The ability to overcome pathogens and other harmful substances is known as immunity. Immunity…

Q: Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients? a) Small Cells b) Medium Size Cells c) Large…

A: A typical human body contains almost 15 trillion cells. The nutrients are necessary for these cells…

Q: The main effect of staphylococcal protein A is toa) interfere with phagocytosis.b) enhance the…

A: Answer is b.) enhance the attachment of the Fc portion of antibody to phagocytes.

Q: Which of the following is not a task of memebrane proteins? a) cell to cell recognition b)…

A: The plasma membrane comprises lipid, protein, and carbohydrates and each of these molecules performs…

Q: Both antibodies and particular complement proteins, such as c3b, are capable of aiding phagocytes in…

A: Bacteria are a kind of organic cell. They comprise a huge space of prokaryotic microorganisms.…

Q: How Virulence Factors Contribute to Tissue Damage?

A: Virulence factors refer to the molecules generated by pathogens such as viruses, fungi, protozoa,…

Q: Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysins are cell membrane…

A: Toxins refer to poisonous substances that include a class of small molecules and proteins, which are…

Q: Which is NOT a common type of HAI?   Question 11 options:   a)  Covid-19   b)  pneumonia (lower…

A: Microbiology is the study of small microorganisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye. I can only…

Q: An immunizatin reduces the chance that you will catch a severecase of disease because the…

A: Immunization is the process of developing immunity against the particular pathogen by the…

Q: What statements are correct about the innate immune system?

A: Immunity is the ability of organisms to cease a certain type of infection or toxin with the help of…

Q: Patients who have recently had a bone marrow transplant are extremely susceptible to infection. Why…

A: In the spongy or cancellous regions of bones, bone marrow can be found. It is a semi-solid tissue.…

Q: Which form of acquired immunity is the patient developing by having this infection?   A) Active…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against the  various microbes & defend the body.…

Q: How do microfi lariae get into the blood?

A: Microfilariae is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes belonging to the…

Q: 18) Which of the following relates to inflammation? A) First line of defense B) Second line of…

A: The immune system- is the body's defense mechanism against undesired micro-organisms and foreign…

Q: s take place during an inflammatory reaction, and how do they contribute to pathogen destruction?

A: The immune system's main and significant system of the body efficiently protects the body from…

Q: All the following would be of benefit to extracellular pathogens, except A) O the presence of a…

A: A pathogen is a microorganism that may cause diseases, such as a bacterium, virus, or other…

Q: Vascular fluid: A) Is 20% of extracellular fluid B) Is regulated by growth hormone C) Is 60% of…

A: The vascular system consists of the blood vessels and the lymph vessels. The blood vessels are of…

Q: he name of the waxy chemical found in Mycobacterium cell walls that promotes immunevasion?

A: Neither absolutely gram-negative nor gram-positive, the envelope of mycobacteria  is planned to…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: How are acute, chronic, and latent infections different from one another?

A: Acute infection are those infections which occur in a relatively short time (rapid onset) (like in…

Q: What is the most likely cause of the patient's swollen tonsils?  A) Her intense cough caused…

A: Tonsils are present in the Waldeyer's Ring -  These are 2 in number & are a part of the…

Q: What are some factors that trigger the complement cascade?

A: The complement cascade is a system of proteins that accounts for intensifying the antibody’s ability…

Q: What are three mechanisms pathogens use to block the immune system?

A: Introduction  The body's defence against infection is provided by the immune system, a vast network…

Q: Your friend says, “I think I have the kissing disease. What is it?” Explain the disease to your…

A: Viral diseases are caused by viruses, a type of microorganisms. Viral diseases are contagious in…