Hindu reform movements of the nineteenth century Select one: a. included rejection of icon (image) worship b. all of these c. constructed Hinduism as an ethical and spiritual practice, rejecting caste, child marriage, and widow burning d. were shaped in response to colonialism and Christianity

In 19th century,in India,the Portuguese had settled on their small coastal settlements in southern India and promoted Roman Catholic missionary activity and made converts, most of whom were of low caste and the majority of caste Hindus were unaffected.At this time Britishers had colonized India and its religion Christianity was spread through Christian missionaries.Britishers saw the religions practiced in India as inferior and their religion Christianity as superior.