Hepatitis B Virus is 42nm in diameter. Sacromyces cervisiae (a yeast) has a diameter of 4um in length. Staphylococcus aureus (bacteria) are 0.001mm in diameter. Put the three microbes in order from smallest to largest. Hepatitis B, S. cervisiae, S. aureus Hepatitis B, S. aureus, S. cervisiae, S. aureus, Hepatitis B, S. cervisiae, S. cervisiae, Hepatitis B, S. aureus S. cervisiae, S. aureus, Hepatitis B, S. aureus, S. cervisiae, Hepatitis B

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? they are smaller than prokaryotic cells Othey are acellular (no cellular structure) they are obligatory parasites. Othey are visible with a light microscope Saved

An 83 year old patient has been ill the past couple of days with an upper respiratory infection. Her temperature has been elevated at 99.5 °F. Her daughter took her to the physician because of the patient's increasing shortness of breath, fatigue, and lack of appetite. The physician diagnosed a community acquired viral pneumonia and prescribed a 10 day days antibiotics regime.  The daughter asked the office nurse, Why is my mother being put on antibiotics if she has a virus? I thought antibiotics did not work for a virus.  How would the nurse explain this to the patient and her daughter

True or false  A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. COVID-19 virus contains RNA, not DNA, as a genetic material. Immunity is a host defense system against disease and specifically recognizes external materials (non-self materials) and eliminate them. RNA vaccines are faster and cheaper to produce than traditional vaccines, and a RNA vaccine is safer for the patient as they do not contain infectious elements. HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccination is very effective in preventing cervical cancer and more than 80 % of Japanese has taken this vaccine. Edward Jenner first proposed protective vaccine against plague in the 18th century. Herd immunity protects infection of vaccinated population but not in the unvaccinated population. Long term health problems after COVID-19 infection is called Long COVID. Cerebellum of the brain co-ordinates muscle movements. Neuron is a special type of cells in the brain and…

What new symptoms do you predict if the following exotoxins appeared in a new bacteria? Explain why you expect those symptoms. 1. A lower respiratory (lung) bacteria with the Cholera Toxin  2. A reproductive tract bacteria with the Exfoliative Toxin (ET)  3. A large intestine bacteria with Diptheria Toxin

Polyomavirus and Papillomavirus, which is NOT correct? are circular dsDNA are icosahedral capsid are non-enveloped contain DNA and RNA polymerase their fusion with the host cell doesn’t involve in uncoating genome replicate in cytoplasm None of the above Both D and F D, E, and F

A common characteristic of viruses is that they contain both RNA and DNA in their genome.  True  False

Which of the following statements are correct for a class V ssRNA (-) virus? it uses its genome directly for translation it must make the complementary (+) RNA strand to synthesize more of its genome it replicates its genome via classical semiconservative replication it converts its genome to DNA via reverse transcriptase as part of its life cycle

Describe the structure of a non-enveloped virus and an enveloped virus.  Be sure to address the capsid and the virus genome.

Match the terms below to the specific virus/prion example that we have discussed in class: prions, SARS- COV-2, Influenza, or HIV. Some terms may be used for more than one of the four. For ease, use the numbers to associate rather than writing out entire terms. 1. Naked protein 2. Enveloped 3. +ssRNA genome 4. -ssRNA genome 5. ssRNA → dsDNA genome 6. Segmented RNA 7. RNA dependent RNA polymerase 8. Reverse transcriptase 9. Neurodegenerative disease 10. Pneumonia 11. Immunodeficiency 12. Severe inflammation 13. Scrapie 14. White blood cells 15. Respiratory epithelial cells 16. Brain & spinal tissue cells 17. Budding 18. Hemagluttinin 19. Gp120/41 20. Neuraminidase 21. PrP 22. Antigenic shift 23. Antigenic drift 24. Retrovirus 25. Integrase 26. PrEP 27. Provirus 28. CD4/CCR5 receptors 29. Protease 30. Covid-19 31. VCJD 32. AIDS 33. Remesdivir 34. Tamiflu 35. Fusion inhibitors 36. Dexamethosone 37. Relenza 38. Integrase inhibitors 39. Regeneron 40. Nucleoside analogs 41. Xofluza 42.…