he most important result of the light-independent (or Calvin Cycle) reactions is: ??? the addition of phosphate to sugar to form sugar-phosphate the synthesis of sugar from CO2 the change of chlorophyll from green to colorless the transfer of electrons to glucose molecules

he most important result of the light-independent (or Calvin Cycle) reactions is: ??? the addition of phosphate to sugar to form sugar-phosphate the synthesis of sugar from CO2 the change of chlorophyll from green to colorless the transfer of electrons to glucose molecules

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter8: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TYK

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Concept explainers

Photosynthesis

Plants have a capacity that we humans can only imagine— the ability to produce food from sunlight. Sure, we can prepare some dishes that we can savor on, but it become possible because of the plants (as they serve as a producers of all the raw materials required). Photosynthesis is the method of assembling carbohydrates with the aid of sunlight.

Question

The most important result of the light-independent (or Calvin Cycle) reactions is: ???

the addition of phosphate to sugar to form sugar-phosphate
the synthesis of sugar from CO₂
the change of chlorophyll from green to colorless
the transfer of electrons to glucose molecules
the rearrangement of sugar molecules to form O₂ from H₂O

Expert Solution

Step 1

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants synthesize their own food. This process involves the utilization of water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight and green pigment chlorophyll.

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Which of the following substances does not participate in the Calvin-Benson cycle? a. ATP c. NADPH e. PGAL b. O2 d. RuBP f. CO2
Which two products of the light-dependent reactions are used up in the Calvin cycle? Rubisco adds a CO2 molecule to a sugar that contains _______ carbons. The reaction product immediately splits into two sugars that each contain _______ carbons. O2 can compete with CO2 for a place in the rubisco active site. As a consequenceO2 is incorporated into RuBP instead of CO2. Why might this be a disadvantage?
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
How many water molecules have to be split as part of the light reactions to produce enough ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)? STROMA (low H+ concentration) Light THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) STROMA (low H+ concentration) Photosystem II 4 H+ H₂O 1 1/2 0₂ +2 H+ Thylakoid membrane Cytochrome complex Light Pq 4 H+ Photosystem I Pc ATP synthase ADP + H+ Fd M ATP NADP+ reductase NADP+ + H+ NADPH To Calvin Cycle
Diagram 41 The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis STROMA Poteyte Potayate mples HAD Light HLARO ACE (high ir Carto Thylakold membrane ATP ynthase STROMA ow N concentration) ADP Diagram 4 shows a single thylakoid membrane taken from a chloroplast inside of a leaf cell. The events of the light dependent cycle that take place along the thylakoid membrane are shown. Identify an energy transfer that takes place n Diagram 4. Light energy is directly transferred into the chemical bonds of sugar. O Light energy is directly transferred into the chemical bonds of ATP The energy of the bonds of water are transferred into the chemical bonds of ATP. The energy from an excited electron is transferred into the chemical bonds of NADPH.
Chloroplasts are illuminated until the levels of the Calvin cycle intermediatesreach a steady state. The light is then turned off . How does the level of RuBP vary after this point?
How would placing a plant in complete darkness affect the Calvin cycle? A It would inhibit the reaction because light photons are required to convert 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) B C) The Calvin cycle would not be able to supply energy to power the light reactions D The light reactions would not be able to supply energy to power the Calvin cycle E A different type of sugar is produced It stops respiration
What process is shown in the figure below? 3 Molecules CO2 RuBisCO Stage 1: carbon fixation 3 ADP 6 ATP ЗАТР 6 ADP Stage 3: regeneration of RUBP Stage 2: reduction 6 NADPH - 6 NADP*+ H* Sugar O Glycolysis O Light reactions of photosynthesis Oxidative phosphorylation Citric Acid Cycle O Dark reactions of photosynthesis
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for photosynthesis? The e- moves from H20 to NADP+. Some of the products from the dark reaction are required in the light reaction. It is an exergonic process that naturally by using energy from light It Involves conversion of 02 to H20 and C02 to glucose.
What process or processes produce the proton gradient that powers ATP synthase in chloroplasts? (Select ALL correct answers) Protons are produced when water is split Protons are produced when NADP+ is reduced OA proton pump uses light energy to move protons into the thylakoid space O A proton pump uses energy from the electron transport chain to move protons into the thylakoid space
Place the following steps of the Light-Reactions of Photosynthesis in order. Production of NADPH Absorption of light Electron transport chain & Production of ATP Photosystem II Photosystem I
Which of the following is NOT true of photosynthesis? O The light-independent ("dark") reaction makes glucose from carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water, using energy trapped by the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction captures electrons in NADPH, which are used for glucose synthesis in the light-independent ("dark") reaction None of the other four answers (all are true of photosynthesis) Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production The light-independent ("dark") reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP