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- Stomata close in response to bacterial infection. Why is this response a mechanism of defense for the plant? Which hormone is most likely to mediate this response?If the PIN2 gene is rendered non-functional by mutation it dramatically reduces the speed of the gravitropic response in the root. Explain what PIN proteins do and why the loss on PIN2 would likely affect the speed of the gravitropic response.What is the role of xylem in photoassimilates translocation? Also, determine at what stage (loading, long distance or unloading) will xylem lend the helping hand? *
- Many different treatments were possible in the phototropism experiment. Based on your understanding of phototropism, provide predictions about the direction of plant growth for the following two scenarios, and explain your reasoning. 1. The tip of the coleoptile is removed and lanolin with auxin is applied to the dark side of the stem. 2. The tip of the coleoptile is removed and lanolin with auxin is applied to the light side of the stem.The buds of certain plants occupy a definite position within the soil or on itssurface. This position is mostly obtained by the pull of special roots, which have been termed contractile roots. Such roots exist in many herbaceousdicotyledons. Identify this type of modified root.When the plants are exposed to different environmental conditions, their growth is affected. How do plants face the so-calledphotosynthesis-transpiration compromise? Explain how the different environmental conditions (i.e. sunny, hot windy, dry day)may affect this compromise in a plant?
- Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can attach and mark other proteins with fluorescence, enabling scientists to see the presence of a particular protein. In an experiment to understand the molecular physiology behind the GA-induced seed germination, a GFP-tagged protein was observed to be moving from the cytoplasm into the nucleus of aleurone layer cells before the detection of alpha-amylase in the endosperm. Based on your knowledge, identify the possible protein(s) with which the GFP is attached in the given situation. Justify your answer.Discuss other morphological differences between sunny and shady set-ups of mung bean in relation to phototropic response of plants. Characteristics sunny shaded Leaf color Lime Green Pale Green Direction of Growth Grows upward towards the direction of sunlight Oriented in the direction of the light but growth is bent downwardPositive phototropism is one of the most obvious aspects of plant growth but the mechanism behind it required considerable experimentation to finally explain. Briefly describe how positive phototropism works, including the processes, structures and/or molecules involved.
- A) The concentration of CO2 is lower inside a plant cell than in the atmosphere (outside the cell). In your own words, describe how the CO2 levels are kept low inside the plant cell and explain why this is necessary. Assume stomata are open. B) Regarding the situation presented in Part A and assuming that the stomata of the plant leaves are closed, would this favour the induction of photorespiration in a C3 plant? Explain. Make reference to relevant molecule or molecules as needed. Please clearly label your responses as A and BCotton plants wilt within a few hours of flooding of their roots. The flooding leads to low-oxygen conditions, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and decreases in cytosolic pH. Suggest a hypothesis to explain how flooding leads to wilting.Using the provided figure, describe the importance of the two phytochrome systems in controlling de-etiolation and green stem elongation under full sun and shade. Include the key mechanisms and temporal changes in control of this process.