H H C-C-NH, H ČOOH Tyrosine но Typine bydronyle H H C-C-NH, но Dopa HO ČOOH L-Aromatic amine acid dectenylat но C-CH,-NH, Dopamine но Depmins hydneyban H C-CH,-NH, Norepinephrine HO HO Phenylehancie HO C-CH,-N он Epinephrine CH но 3.

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Circle the functional groups present in these compounds and identify them.
The image depicts a biochemical pathway illustrating the synthesis of catecholamines from the amino acid tyrosine. Here is a detailed explanation of each step shown in the diagram:

1. **Tyrosine**:
   - Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring, a hydroxyl group (OH), an amino group (NH2), and a carboxyl group (COOH).
   - Reaction: Tyrosine undergoes hydroxylation.

2. **Dopa**:
   - Enzyme: Tyrosine hydroxylase facilitates the conversion of tyrosine to Dopa by adding a hydroxyl group.
   - Chemical Structure: Similar to tyrosine, but with an additional hydroxyl group on the benzene ring.

3. **Dopamine**:
   - Enzyme: L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase converts Dopa into Dopamine by removing the carboxyl group.
   - Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring, two hydroxyl groups, and an amine group.

4. **Norepinephrine**:
   - Enzyme: Dopamine β-hydroxylase catalyzes the addition of a hydroxyl group to form Norepinephrine.
   - Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups and an ethylamine side chain with an additional hydroxyl group.

5. **Epinephrine**:
   - Enzyme: Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase completes the final step, converting Norepinephrine to Epinephrine by adding a methyl group to the amine.
   - Chemical Structure: Consists of a benzene ring, two hydroxyl groups, and a methylated ethylamine side chain.

Each step reflects a specific enzyme-catalyzed reaction necessary for the biosynthesis of these important neurotransmitters and hormones.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a biochemical pathway illustrating the synthesis of catecholamines from the amino acid tyrosine. Here is a detailed explanation of each step shown in the diagram: 1. **Tyrosine**: - Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring, a hydroxyl group (OH), an amino group (NH2), and a carboxyl group (COOH). - Reaction: Tyrosine undergoes hydroxylation. 2. **Dopa**: - Enzyme: Tyrosine hydroxylase facilitates the conversion of tyrosine to Dopa by adding a hydroxyl group. - Chemical Structure: Similar to tyrosine, but with an additional hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. 3. **Dopamine**: - Enzyme: L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase converts Dopa into Dopamine by removing the carboxyl group. - Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring, two hydroxyl groups, and an amine group. 4. **Norepinephrine**: - Enzyme: Dopamine β-hydroxylase catalyzes the addition of a hydroxyl group to form Norepinephrine. - Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups and an ethylamine side chain with an additional hydroxyl group. 5. **Epinephrine**: - Enzyme: Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase completes the final step, converting Norepinephrine to Epinephrine by adding a methyl group to the amine. - Chemical Structure: Consists of a benzene ring, two hydroxyl groups, and a methylated ethylamine side chain. Each step reflects a specific enzyme-catalyzed reaction necessary for the biosynthesis of these important neurotransmitters and hormones.
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