Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Which of the following explain why early HIV vaccines have been ineffective? Mark all that apply. HIV virus mutates quickly creating different epitopes not present in the vaccine vaccines are ineffective against enveloped viruses anti-HIV antibodies are only weakly neutralizing the vaccines stimulate presentation of viral antigens by non-T cells

Q: Why are commercial COVID vaccines all targeting the Spike protein? O It is the biggest Sars-CoV-2…

A: Spike protein is a large type transmembrane protein that is highly glycosylated as it contains 21 to…

Q: What is an epitope? O the part of a molecule that an antibody binds to an antibody that binds to a…

A: Immune system protects our body from invading pathogens such as bacteria, virus, fungi, etc. It…

Q: Which of the following is mismatched? OK antigen-capsule OH antigen-flagellar O All of the choices…

A: An antigen is a type of marker that tells your immune system whether or not something in your body…

Q: Do we need vaccines or not? Can you please fully explaine that yes or not and why giving biological…

A: Importance of vaccines

Q: Explain strategies for vaccine development; include in your answerthe primary drawbacks to…

A: Vaccines are preparations of whole pathogen or antigenic parts of the pathogen, which are…

Q: Discuss the various ways of AIDS transmission in both men and women. After defining the…

A:

Q: Which of the following vaccines is safe to administer to a patient who has a T-cell deficiency?…

A: T-cell deficiency is a deficiency of T-cells, due to reduced T-cell function, which induces…

Q: Which option is not an example of active immunization? Group of answer choices Injection of a mRNA…

A: Active Immunity  Antibodies develop in a person's own immune system after the body is exposed to an…

Q: Which of the following statements correctly compares/contrasts the ways in which antibiotics and…

A: The ways in which antibiotics and antibodies interact with the cells of pathogens that they can…

Q: Should new vaccines be tested in children (as is currently done in adults) before they are allowed…

A: Vaccines are made by either live but attenuated pathogens or killed pathogens or toxins. They induce…

Q: Once vaccines have been tested on animals and through other methods, human trials may begin.…

A: Vaccine production is a lengthy, complicated process that takes anywhere from 10 to 15 years and…

Q: Do you think it is important in a clinical trial to have Moderna vaccine and placebo be similar? Why…

A: A vaccine is synthesized cocktail of substances which also resembles an antigen or foreign bacteria…

Q: T/F HIV binds to CD4 to infect and kill Helper T Cells. True False

A: The AIDS causing HIV virus spreads it's infection by decreasing the immunity of the infected person.…

Q: Many undeveloped countries have low COVID-19 vaccination rates (United Nations, 2022). Only 1% of…

A: Introduction- Vaccine research as well as its development has now become an achievement which brings…

Q: The world has been greatly affected by the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Countries all over the world…

A: The pandemic caused by the novel Corona virus has devastatingly affected the countries around the…

Q: Based on the experience of the Philippines with the dengue vaccine, what can you conclude regarding…

A: Dengue is caused by virus by mosquito bite and its vector is Aedes mosquito. It is consider as most…

Q: oply to memory cells?

A: ans 1 .  long  lived antigen - specific lymphocytes                  Memory cells are seemingly…

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that vaccines are produced? O Weakened Viruses O Dead…

A: Vaccine: A vaccination is a biological substance that gives active acquired immunity against a…

Q: What is one reason that influenza vaccines must be administered every year, while for some other…

A: Vaccines are prepared from dead or inactive pathogens or its parts and used to induce the immune…

Q: Using the figure shown below, briefly explain the relationship between levels of HIV viral RNA,…

A: HIV is spread via unprotected sex, contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from…

Q: Use this information to answer the question. Human Immunodeficiency viruses, Types 1 and 2 (HIV 1,2)…

A: The ultimate diagnosis of HIV infection at any age requires diagnostic testing that confirms the…

Q: A vaccine against HIV

A: A vaccine against HIV prevents opportunistic infections i.e. option 4 is correct.

Q: In an immunoblot the primary antibody recognizes:   the secondary antibody    nitrocellulose…

A: Ans. Immunoblot- It is also known as the western blotting technique, a highly sensitive method that…

Q: erate and briefly explain the different types of vaccines. Give 2 examples each. ?.

A: As we know Vaccines are safe biological agents synthesized from pathological microbes that infect or…

Q: Describe each compound of bacterial vaccines:   -inactivated proteinaceous toxoids (toxoids)…

A: Several procedures are used to create vaccines. They may comprise rendered sterile or dead bacteria,…

Q: As conversations  about vaccines goes on around  the various social media platforms,why would…

A: The concept of vaccination was first given by Dr Jenner. He found out that people infected with…

Q: he whooping cough vaaccine and the MMR vaccine are what type of vaccines? a. conjugated b. natural…

A: Answer An individual may be exposed to an antigen to induce the formation of antibodies, a type of…

Q: You are studying a mouse model of gastrointestinal infections and isolate cells and proteins from a…

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize…

Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion How do vaccines work? Do they work against…

A: Vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight off a…

Q: Based on the experience of the Philippines with the dengue vaccine, what can you conclude regarding…

A: A vaccine is a biologically prepared substance injected into the body to create an acquired immunity…

Q: Vaccines should be tested for long period of time before allowing any individual to take the…

A: Dengue is a mosquito born viral disease. Dengue vaccine in Philippines was launched as a mass…

Q: Explain the patenting of the Biontech vaccine, the studies carried out at the university, how this…

A: BioNTech has declared that the Corona vaccine's last clinical trial phase was an accomplishment,…

Q: Which kind of helper T cell response immune response (Th1 or Th2) has been shown to be more…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: During the primary HIV infection, which of the following cells decreases in number?   T-cells…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that reproduces only inside the living cells of a life…

Q: immunoassays are able to detect infections disease because of a very specific match between

A: The correct answer is 1. Antigen , Antibody

Q: Which of the following assays would utilize monoclonal antibodies? MRI imaging of mice expressing…

A: Antibodies are proteins that are secreted by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes or B…

Q: How does having this additional information make the vaccine more effective?

A: Gene splicing mechanism is known as a post-translational modification. In this form of modification,…

Q: What is the role of an adjuvant? It helps the enhance the body’s response to the antigen It allows…

A: Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines. They work by stimulating and activating the innate…

Q: chemotherapy cytokine therapy monoclonal antibodies genetically engineered antigen-presenting cells

A: Your immune system is assisted in fighting cancer via immunotherapy, a sort of cancer treatment.…

Q: the covid vaccine contains mrna this will produce a. passive adaptive immunity b. active adaptive…

A: Immunity can be defined as the complex process of our body to fight against invading foreign…