Give the conditions under which each of the following equations may be applied. (a) dA ≤ 0 (for equilibrium and spontaneity) (b) dG≤ 0 (for equilibrium and spontaneity) P₂ AH (T₂-T₁) (c) In = P₁ R T₁T₂ (d) AG = nRT In P₂ P₁

Calculate AG°for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature given. Reaction Temperature (°C) 2000 N₂ (g) + O₂(g) →→→ 2NO (g) H₂ (g) + 12 (g) → 2HI (g) 400 CO₂ (g) + H₂ (9) → CO (g) + H₂O (g) 980 CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g) 900 Ko value 4.1 x 10-4 50.0 1.67 1.04

In the gas-phase reaction A + B=C+ 2 D, it was found that, when 2.00 mol A, 1.00 mol B and 3.00 mol D were mixed and allowed to come to equilibrium at 25°C, the resulting mixture contained 0.79 mol C at a total pressure of 1.00 bar. Calculate Kp. [.960]

2

A reaction has a Gibbs energy of 5.600kJ. Assume the reaction at 35.8°C. What is the Ksp for the reaction. [R=8.314J/mol•K] Ksp= 8.848 Ksp= 0.9919 Ksp= 7.000x10^-9 Ksp= 0.1130

АPPENDI х В + Thermodynamic Data Thermodynamic Data for Selected Elements and Inorganic Compounds at 1 bar and 298 K“ Substance AfĦ°/kJ · mol¯! Af&/kJ· mol¯ §/J·K-1. mol T;,/J·K-1 .mol- Ag(s) 42.7 25.49 Ag+(aq) 105.9 77.11 72.68 37.66 AgBr(s) -99.5 -95.94 107.11 52.38 AgCl(s) -127.0 -109.72 96.2 50.79 AgI(s) -62.4 -66.3 114.2 54.43 AgNO3(s) -129.4 -33.41 140.9 93.05 Al(s) 28.32 24.34 Al3+ (aq) -531.0 -485 -321.7 AICI3(s) -704.2 -628.8 110.67 91.84 Al,O3(s) -1669.8 -1576.4 50.99 78.99 Ar(g) Ba(s) Ba2+(aq) 154.8 20.79 62.8 26.36 -537.6 -560.8 10 BaO(s) -553.5 -525.1 70.3 47.45 BaCl2(s) -858.6 -810.9 123.7 75.31 BaSO (s) -1464.4 -1353.1 132.2 101.75 Be(s) 9.54 17.82 BeO(s) -610.9 -581.6 14.1 25.4 Br2(1) 152.23 75.69 Br (aq) -121.6 -103.96 82.4 HBr(g) -36.4 -53.45 198.7 29.12 C(graphite) 5.7 8.52 C(diamond) 1.90 2.87 2.4 6.11 CO(g) -110.5 -137.3 197.9 29.14 CO2(9) -393.5 -394.4 213.6 37.1 "Data are mostly from the NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties (1982). The values for ions…

What is the increment G degree for the following reaction from the equilibrium constant at the temperature given? CaCO33(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)T = 900°C Kp= 1.04