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Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Gastric juice (pH 1.5) is produced by pumping HCl from blood plasma (pH 7.4) into the stomach. Calculate the amount of free energy required to concentrate the H+ in 1 L of gastric juice at 37 °C. Under cellular conditions,
how many moles of ATP must be hydrolyzed to provide this amount of free energy? The free-energy change for ATP hydrolysis under cellular conditions is about −58 kJ/mol . Ignore the effects of the transmembrane electrical potential.
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- If 100% of the free energy from the metabolism of glucose is used for the conversion of ADP to ATP, how manymolecules of ATP can be produced from each gram of glucose (mm = 180.16)?arrow_forwardExplain the difference between ΔG°’ and ΔG and calculate the free energy (delta G) of hydrolysis of ATP in a rat liver cell in which the ATP, ADP, and Pi concentrations are 3.4, 1.3, and 4.8 mM.arrow_forwardCalculate AG for this reaction under the following conditions: 37°C, pH 7, [Pyruvate] = [CO₂] = 4.0 mM, [OAA] = 2.0 mM, [ATP] = 3.5 mM, [P;] = 5.0 mM, and [ADP] = 1.8 mM. Use 2 signficant figures. AG= i kJ.mol-1 Under these conditions, the reaction is (Tolerance is +/- 2%)arrow_forward
- Assume that in a certain cell, the ratio of products/reactants or Keg = 809.5 (Keq is dimensionless) for the reaction Glucose + 2ATP > Glucose-1,6-diP + 2ADP, at a particular instant, the concentrations of each compound were Glucose =2.4M, ATP =11.1M, ADP -12.8M and G-6-P -28.4M. Calculate the difference (dimensionless) between Keq and the ratio of products/ractants at this instance, in this cell, to five decimal placesarrow_forward8arrow_forwardDuring glycolysis, glucose is converted into fructose-6- phosphate in two successive reactions: glucose + ATP glucose 6-phosphate + ADP glucose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate The AG' for the overall reaction is: +15.0 kJ/mol. -18.4 kJ/mol. -16.7 kJ/mol. → -15.0 kJ/mol. +18.4 kJ/mol. AG¹⁰ = -16.7 kJ/mol AG¹⁰ = +1.7 kJ/molarrow_forward
- The free energy change of each step of glycolysis is given in the table below. ∆G°’ is the free energy under standard conditions (25°C, 1M each reactant, pH 7), while ∆G is the free energy change at presumed physiological conditions. Why must no step have a positive ∆G under physiological conditions?arrow_forwardATP Hydrolysis: ATP to ADP+Pi Given that the standard free energy change of ATP hydrolysis is –30.5 kJ/mol, what is the change in free energy in a cell at 37 °C where the ATP and Pi are both 10 mM and ADP is 10 uM?arrow_forwardCalculate theequilibrium constant and thefree energy of (Mg)ATP hydrolysis in a closed system in which concentrations of ATP, ADP and Piare, respectively, 3.5, 1.0, and 5 mMand 25 degrees Celsius. Is the reaction spontaneous?R = 8.314 J/(deg Kelvin-mol).arrow_forward
- a newly identified bacterium called Nomore biochem is unable to synthesize ubiquinone. A mobile electron carrier called CXC3 is used as a substitute. From the information provided in the table, calculate delta G' and Keq value at 298K for the redox reaction that occurs in the Nomore Biochem electron transport chain. (constants: R=8.3 J/degree x mol, F= 96.1 kJ/v x mol Half Reactions E' (V) ubiquinone + 2e- + 2H+--> Ubiquinol + H2 0.045 NAD+ + 2e- + 2H+ --> NADH + H+ -0.320 CXC3 + 2e- + 2H+ --> CXC3H2 -0.450 explain the impact that using CXC3 instead of ubiquinone will have on ATP production in the cell. How might the cell adapt to this situation?arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction:ATP → AMP + 2 PiCalculate the equilibrium constant (Keq) given the following ΔG°′ values:ATP → AMP + PPi (−32.2 kJ/mol)PPi → 2Pi (−33.5 kJ/mol)arrow_forwardCould you explain step by step how to solve this? I'm not sure how to get all the numbers that are shown in the solved answer.arrow_forward
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