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ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Question
Number 6a, 6b, 6c

Transcribed Image Text:GAMES AND STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR
260
CHAPTER 9
new planes. The payoff matrix is as follows (payoff val.
4. In studying for his economics final, Sam is concerned
about only two things: his grade and the amount of time
he spends studying. A good grade will give him a ben-
efit of 20; an average grade, a benefit of 5; and a poor
grade, a benefit of 0. By studying a lot. Sam will incur
a cost of 10; by studying a little, a cost of 6. Moreover,
if Sam studies a lot and all other students study a little,
he will get a good grade and they will get poor ones.
But if they study a lot and he studies a little, they will
get good grades and he will get a poor one. Finally, if
he and all other students study the same amount of
time, everyone will get average grades. Other students
share Sam's preferences regarding grades and study
time. (LO2)
a. Model this situation as a two-person prisoner's
dilemma in which the strategies are to study a little
and to study a lot, and the players are Sam and all
other students. Construct a payoff matrix in which
the payoffs account for both the cost and benefit of
studying.
b. What is the equilibrium outcome in this game?
Which outcome would everyone (both the other stu-
dents and Sam) prefer?
ues are in millions of dollars ):
Airbus
Don't
produce
Produce
100 for Boeing
-5 for each
O for Airbus
Produce
Boeing
O for Boeing
O for each
Don't
produce
100 for Airbus
The implication of these payoffs is that the market
demand is large enough to support only one manufac-
turer. If both firms enter, both will sustain a loss. (LO2)
a. Identify two possible equilibrium outcomes in this
5. Newfoundland's fishing industry has recently declined
sharply due to overfishing, even though fishing compa-
nies were supposedly bound by a quota agreement. If
all fishermen had abided by the agreement, yields could
have been maintained at high levels. (LO2)
a. Model this situation as a prisoner's dilemma in which
the players are Company A and Company B, and the
strategies are to keep the quota and break the quota.
Suppose that if both companies keep the quota, then
each receives a payoff of $100, and if both break the
quota, then each receives a payoff of $0. On the other
hand, if one company breaks the quota and the other
keeps the quota, then the company that breaks the
quota receives a payoff of $150 and the company that
keeps the quota receives a payoff of -$50. Construct
the corresponding
overfishing is inevitable in the absence of effective
enforcement of the quota agreement.
b.Provide another environmental example of a prison-
er's dilemma
c. In many potential prisoner's dilemmas, a way out of
the dilemma for a would-be cooperator is to make
reliable character judgments about the trustworthi-
ness of potential partners. Explain why this solution
is not available in many situations involving degra-
dation of the environment.
game.
b. Consider the effect of a subsidy. Suppose the Euro-
pean Union decides to subsidize the European pro-
ducer, Airbus, with a check for $25 million if it enters
the market. Revise the payoff matrix to account for
this subsidy. What is the new equilibrium outcome?
c. Compare the two outcomes (pre- and post-subsidy).
What qualitative effect does the subsidy have?
7. Jill and Jack both have two pails that can be used to
carry water down from a hill. Each makes only one trip
down the hill, and each pail of water can be sold for
$5. Carrying the pails of water down requires consider-
able effort. Both Jill and Jack would be willing to pay
$2 each to avoid carrying one pail down the hill and
an additional $3 to avoid carrying a second pail down
the hill. (LO2)
payoff matrix, and explain why
a. Given market prices, how many pails of water will
each child fetch from the top of the hill?
b. Jill and Jack's parents are worried that the two chil-
dren don't cooperate enough with one another. Sup
pose they make Jill and Jack share equally their
revenues from selling the water. Given that both are
self-interested, construct the payoff matrix for the
decisions Jill and Jack face regarding the number of
pails of water each should carry. What is the equi-
librium outcome?
6. Two airplane manufacturers are considering the produc-
tion of a new product, a 150-passenger jet. Both are
deciding whether to enter the market and produce the
8. The owner of a thriving business wants to open a new
office in a distant city. If he can hire someone who will
manage the new office honestly. he can afford to
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