From the following list of aqueous solutions and water, select the one with the highest freezing point. Group of answer choices 1.0 M KNO3 2.0 M KNO3 0.75 M NaCl 2.0 M C12H22O11 (sucrose) 0.75 M CuCl2

6-20 Give a familiar example of solutions of each of these types: (a) Liquid in liquid (b) Solid in liquid (c) Gas in liquid (d) Gas in gas

Instead of using NaCl to melt the ice on your sidewalk you decide to use CaCl2. If you add 35.0 g of CaCl2 to 150. g of water, what is the freezing point of the solution? (Assume i = 2.7 for CaCl2.)

Consider three test tubes. Tube A has pure water. Tube B has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of ethanol, C2H5OH. Tube C has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of NaCl. Which of the following statements are true? (Assume that for these solutions 1.0m=1.0M.) (a) The vapor pressure of the solvent over tube A is greater than the solvent pressure over tube B. (b) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube A. (c) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube C. (d) The boiling point of the solution in tube B is higher than the boiling point of the solution in tube C. (e) The osmotic pressure of the solution in tube B is greater than the osmotic pressure of the solution in tube C.

Arrange the following solutions in order by their decreasing freezing points: 0.1 m Na3PO4, 0.1 m C2H5OH, 0.01 m CO2, 0.151 m NaCI, and 0.21 m cacI2.

Arrange 0.10 m aqueous solutions of the following solutes in order of decreasing freezing point and boiling point. (a) Al(ClO3)3(b) CH3OH (c) (NH4)2Cr2O7 (d) MgSO4

6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.

What mass of a 4.00% NaOH solution by mass contains 15.0 g of NaOH?

Classify each of the following solutions as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated based on the following observations made after adding a small piece of solid solute to the solution. a. The added solute rapidly dissolves. b. The added solute falls to the bottom of the container where it remains without any decrease in size. c. The added solute falls to the bottom of the container where it decreases in size for several hours and thereafter its size remains constant. d. The added solute causes the production of a large amount of solid white crystals.

Will red blood cells swell, remain the same size, or shrink when placed in each of the solutions in Problem 8-101? Classify each of the following solutions as hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic relative to red blood cells? a. 0.92%(m/v) glucose solution b. 0.92%(m/v) NaCl solution c. 2.3%(m/v) glucose solution d. 5.0%(m/v) NaCl solution