From an evolutionary standpoint, can you think of reasons why some animals' eyes consist entirely of rods, other animals' eyes have only cones, and those of still Others,  such an humans,  have both cones, and rods?2. How might you use measurements of the just noticeable difference (jnd) in loudness to describe the change in the auditory environment caused by the addition of a new airline to those serving your local airport? Would you be able to explain your measurement method to a panel of concerned citizens?

Colour blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cones, or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type. An individual has 50% less than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his or her retina. How would this affect his or her vision? a. This person has night blindness. He or she should start to eat more carrots to replenish the stock of retinal molecules in the retina. b. This person will have difficulty adapting to varying light levels. His or her cone receptors take much longer to adapt in a brightly lit area. c. This person does not have a colour blindness because no green cone photoreceptors are in the retina; only red, yellow, and blue photoreceptors exist. d. This person has a mild green colour blindness. He or she cannot see green colours very clearly and has difficulty distinguishing colours involving green hues.

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1. Why do we tend to accept the idea that we could see colour throughout visual fields and cannot see one in a small focused area? 2. Why do we only see colour through our centra visual field? 3. What are your insights in this whole activity based on question 1 and 2. Answer question 1,2 and 3. Thanks

14. Which statement about eye is false a. Cones are very sensitive to dim illumination b. Retinal ganglion cells are the only cell type in the retina which fire an action potential  c. Cones are concentrated in the fovea d. Rods are concentrated in the periphery of the retina

11. What part of the inner ear is involved in conducting signals of static equilibrium?     THIS IS NOT AND WILL NOT BE GRADED

Which of the following statements describes how auditory information can be encoded? a. The tonotopic organization is responsible for transforming sounds into neural codes b. The one-to-one phase locking of sound wave to neural spikes at low frequencies c. The partial phase locking of sound waves to neural spikes at very high frequencies d. a. and b. e. All of the above.

4. When transitioning from a pitch black room, to a sunny room where there is a lot of light, what happens to the cells in the retina? Group of answer choices   a. Rod cells will release less glutamate b. Rod cells will release more glutamate c. Ganglion cells will release less glutamate d. Ganglion cells will release more glutamate

1. List the pathway that light takes to the brain by putting the following structures in order: (Where light hits first = 1, the brain = = 7) Optic Nerve Brain _Pupil (Surrounded by iris) Vitreous Humor Cornea Lens (surrounded by ciliary body) Retina

3.  Put the following events in order beginning with the event that happens first in order for one to have the sense of hearing:   ___The stapes vibrates, putting pressure on the oval window of the cochlea.  ___The malleus vibrates. ___The incus vibrates. ___The perilymph moves in waves. ___The endolymph moves in waves. ___Nerve impulses are carried away from the ear by the cochlear nerve. ___Hair cells in the cochlea initiate nerve impulses. ___Impulses reach the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. ___Sound waves are funneled by the pinna (auricle) into the external auditory canal. ___The tympanic membrane (eardrum) vibrates.