Freezing rain occurs with the following variation of temperature with height: - a shallow below-freezing layer near the surface, with an above-freezing layer over it, and a deep below-freezing layer aloft - a shallow above-freezing layer near the surface, with below-freezing layer over it, and a deep above-freezing layer aloft - a below-freezing layer through depth above - a deep below-freezing layer near the surface, with an above-freezing layer over it, and a deep below-freezing layer aloft

Why does rising unsaturated air (air rising below the lifting condensation level) cool more quickly (at the dry adiabatic rate) than air rising above the lifting condensation level (at the saturated adiabatic rate)? Adiabatic cooling only takes place above the lifting condensation level. Above the lifting condensation level, latent heat released during condensation counteracts some of the adiabatic cooling of rising air. Adiabatic warming takes place above the lifting condensation level.

Suppose a glass beaker with a linear expansion coefficient of 2.8 x 10-5 (Cº)-¹ is filled to the brim with 104 cm³ of a liquid with a volume expansion coefficient of 3.1 × 10-4 (Cº)-¹. If the beaker is warmed by 20 C°, how much fluid in mm³ spills on the lab table? (Be careful with units!) V _mm³

A cubical concrete shelter 2 m on a side has its interior kept at 22 °C on a winter night when the outside temperature is -8 °C. If the walls are 15 cm thick and the thermal conductivity of concrete is 0.84 J s-1 m-1 °C- what is the heat flow rate through one such 1 wall?