fossilized bones have a large concentration of apatite rock (Calcium phosphate) design or talk about an experiment using what you know about chemistry and properties of matter to determine the authenticity of the bone.  At the same time you need to be very conservative as you don’t want to ruin a good specimen if it is in fact authentic.

01. [02.01 The Atomic Theory of Matter / 02.02 The Discovery of Atomic Structure] [Answer: (a) Get the answers by yourself. (b) The charge on an electron = 9.60 × 10-9 wa, (c) A: 4e, B: 5e, C: 3e, D: 9e, (d) 6.00 x 107 wa/C.] Suppose a scientist repeats the Millikan oil-drop experiment but reports the charges on the drops using an unusual (and imaginary) unit called the warmomb (wa). The scientist obtains the following data for four of the drops: Droplet Calculated Charge (wa) A 3.84 x 10-8 (a) If all the droplets were the same size, which would fall most slowly through the apparatus? B 4.80 × 10-8 (b) From these data, what is the best choice for the charge of the electron in warmombs? C 2.88 x 10-8 D 8.64 × 10-8 (c) Based on your answer to part (b), how many electrons are there on each of the droplets? (d) What is the conversion factor between warmombs and coulombs?

4. Gasoline can be reasonably approximated as C9H20 with a density of 0.718 g/mL. Diesel can be reasonable approximated as C14H30 with a density of 0.763 g/mL. (Both gasoline and diesel are complicated mixtures. These formulas are something like weighted averages of the formulas of the different components, where the weighting is based on various quantifiable behaviors. That is, using these artificial formulas for gasoline and diesel allows one to calculate average properties that match what petroleum engineers might measure.) The enthalpy change from burning one mole of gasoline is -6160 kJ. The enthalpy change from burning one mole of diesel is -7940 kJ. Determine which fuel generates the biggest enthalpy change per gram burned, and which generates the biggest enthalpy change per mL burned.

The world population is estimated to be 7.4 x 109. Nauru is the smallest island nation and comprises 1.5 x 10-4% of the world population. If the percentage of left-handed people is approximately 12%, estimate the number of left-handers on the island of Nauru.