For the following situations of steady flow, calculate the Reynold's Number and determine whether flow is laminar or turbulent, or in the transition region Oil with a specific gravity of 0.78 and a viscosity of 20 cP flowing at 5 ft/s in a 2-in. pipe.

Q4- Water flows at a velocity of 1 m/s over a plane surface 0.6 m wide and 1 m long. Calculate the total drag force acting on the surface if the transition from streamline to turbulent flow in the boundary layer occurs when the Reynolds group Re, = 105 and Taking == 1 mN s/m² = 10-³ Ns/m².

Match each description with the most relevent (and appropriate) fluid property in the list. Intermolecular forces in the fluid that act parallel to the surface of the fluid Internal fluid resistance to motion or an applied stress A. Drag force B. Coefficient of compressibility, K resistance to deformation A force a flowing fluid exerts on a body moving through the fluid C. Surface tension, o the change in pressure corresponding to a fractional change in volume or density of a fluid while the temperature remains constant. D. Coefficient of volume expansion, B E. Viscosity, p The variation of the density of a fluid with temperature at constant pressure

5. Consider the problem of laminar, unidirectional flow in a pipe of radius a. Using the Navier- Stokes Equations: Solve for the velocity profile, u(r), in the pipe Calculate the maximum and bulk velocity (umax, ub) for this flow

a) (i) What are a Newtonian fluid and a -Newtonian fluid? Classify pendent non-Newtonian fluids and illustrate - flow time- behaviours in a diagram g. shear stress vs. shear (ii) across a flat plate and the s with the aid of a schematic diagram. Explain boundary concept for a flow

7.11. The U-bend shown in Fig. 7.23 is connected to the rest of the piping system by flexible hoses. The inside diameter of the pipe is 3 in. The fluid flowing is water, and its average velocity in the pipe is 50 ft/s. The gauge pressure at point 1 is 30 psig and at point 2 is 20 psig. What is the horizontal component of the force in the support? Flow Flexible hoses →→ Flow Support FIGURE 7.23

A binary mixture is being destilled in a fractional column. After some time, it is observed that the composition of the liquid left and its boiling temperature do not change. What is going on? Which would be a vapour/liquid phase diagram that agrees with such a behaviour? Justify your answer.

1. An incompressible fluid of kinematic viscosity v = μ/p= 10-4 m²/s flows steadily through a circular pipe of diameter d = 10 cm. The pipe flow is fully developed. Friction Factor If the average velocity V is 2 m/s, is the flow laminar or turbulent? What is the value of the friction factor, f? If the pipe is perfectly smooth on its internal surface and V is 20 m/s, the pipe flow is turbulent (double check yourself). Evaluate its friction factor using the Moody chart below. Repeat (c) by numerically solving the Colebrook formula (using, for example, Matlab). Attach the source code you used. Suppose that the pipe internal surface is rough. Also suppose that increasing V up to 200 m/s yields no change in the value of f found in (a). Determine the relative roughness, e/d, using the Colebrook formula. 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.015 0.01 Laminar Flow 64 Material Concrete, coarse Concrete, new smooth Drawn tubing Glass, Plastic Perspex Iron, cast Sewers, old Steel, mortar…