For the following pseudo-code of a recursive program mod that computes a mod b given a, b as inputs, trace the stack contents during the execution of the call mod (23, 7).  procedure mod (a, b)  if (a < b) then mod := a  else  { x := a − b 1  : mod( , ) 1 1 y = x b  mod:= 1 y  }  end mod

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A:

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Depth First Search

Depth-first search (DFS) also known as Depth First traversal is an algorithm used to traverse or search the nodes in a tree or graph data structure. Traversal usually means visiting all the nodes of a graph. DFS performs in a depth-ward manner. It uses a stack to remember the vertices it has visited. The search starts from the root node, where any arbitrary node is selected as a root node in a graph, and then each node is explored along each branch before performing backtracking. The DFS algorithm uses a recursive technique by following the idea of backtracking. DFS algorithm does this by performing an in-depth search of all the nodes by traversing in a forward direction. If the required node is not found, it starts backtracking to previously visited nodes.