
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question

Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 61:**
For each reaction, calculate ΔH°_rxn, ΔS°_rxn, and ΔG°_rxn at 25 °C and state whether or not the reaction is spontaneous. If the reaction is not spontaneous, would a change in temperature make it spontaneous? If so, should the temperature be raised or lowered from 25 °C?
a. \( \text{N}_2\text{O}_4(g) \rightarrow 2 \text{NO}_2(g) \)
b. \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl}(s) \rightarrow \text{HCl}(g) + \text{NH}_3(g) \)
c. \( 3 \text{H}_2(g) + \text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3(s) \rightarrow 2 \text{Fe}(s) + 3 \text{H}_2\text{O}(g) \)
d. \( \text{N}_2(g) + 3 \text{H}_2(g) \rightarrow 2 \text{NH}_3(g) \)
**Instructions:**
- Calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH°_rxn) for each reaction.
- Calculate the entropy change (ΔS°_rxn) for each reaction.
- Calculate the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°_rxn) at 25 °C for each reaction.
- Determine if each reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions at 25 °C.
- For non-spontaneous reactions, assess if a temperature change could facilitate spontaneity and recommend whether the temperature should be raised or lowered.
Expert Solution

This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Step by stepSolved in 4 steps

Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- 17. For the reaction: A + B C AH°= +45 kJ/mol and AS° = +60 J/K.mol. At what temperature will this reaction be spontaneous? * O The reaction is nonspontaneous at all temperatures. O At a temperature greater than 477 °C. O The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures. O At a temperature greater than 750 °C. O At a temperature lower than 477 °C.arrow_forward13)The reaction 2NOBr(g) → 2NO(g) + Br₂(g) has AG° = 6.28 kJ. a. Calculate Q when [NOBr] = 0.15 M, [NO] = 0.096 M, and [Br₂] = 0.081 M. b. Calculate AG for the reaction at 150°C. c. Is this reaction spontaneous or non-spontaneous under these conditions? Scanned with CamScannerarrow_forwardThe reaction, Fe203(s) + 3C(s) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g) AH° = +490.7 kJ, AS° = +541 J-K-1 %3D This reaction is spontaneous only below a certain temperature always spontaneous never spontaneous spontaneous only above a certain temperaturearrow_forward
- For the following example, identify the following: F2(l) → F2(g) A. at low temperature, the reaction is spontaneous and ΔG < 0 and at high temperature, the reaction is spontaneous and ΔG < 0 B. at low temperature, the reaction is nonspontaneous and ΔG > 0 and at high temperature, the reaction is spontaneous and ΔG < 0 C. at low temperature, the reaction is spontaneous and ΔG < 0 and at high temperature, the reaction is nonspontaneous and ΔG > 0 at low temperature, the reaction is nonspontaneous and ΔG > 0 and at D. high temperature, the reaction is nonspontaneous and ΔG > 0 It is not possible to determine without more information.arrow_forwardC3H8 (g) + 502 (g) --> 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g) + 2200 k) Given the above equation, which statement is correct? A. can be spontaneous at all temperatures B. can be spontaneous at high temperatures O C. can be spontaneous at low temperatures D. can be spontaneous at no temperaturesarrow_forwardThe following reaction is endothermic. 2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g) This means the reaction A. will be spontaneous at high temperatures. B. will be spontaneous at low temperatures. C. is not spontaneous at any temperature. D. is spontaneous at all temperatures.arrow_forward
- 49.For the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, H2O2(g) ⟶⟶ H2O(g) + O2(g) ΔΔH° = -106 kJ, and ΔΔS° = +0.0580 kJ/K. In what temperature range is the reaction spontaneous (ΔΔG° < 0)? A. The temperature must be greater than 1.83××103 K B. The temperature must be less than 1.83 ××103 K. C. The temperature must be between 225 K and 1.83 ××103 K. D. ΔΔG° is always less than zero. E. ΔΔG° is never less than zero.arrow_forwardFor each reaction, calculate ΔH°rxn, ΔS°rxn, and ΔG°rxn at 25 °C and state whether or not the reaction is spontaneous. If the reaction is not spontaneous, would a change in temperature make it spontaneous? If so, should the temperature be raised or lowered from 25 °C?a. 2 CH4( g)------->C2H6( g) + H2( g)b. 2 NH3( g)------> N2H4( g) + H2( g)c. N2( g) + O2( g)-------->2 NO( g)d. 2 KClO3(s)-------->2 KCl(s) + 3 O2( g)arrow_forward47. Fill in the blanks in the table. Both AH and AS refer to the system. MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.60; Watch KCV 19.60 ΔΗ + AS + + AG Temperature dependent Low Temperature Spontaneous High Temperature Spontaneous Nonspontaneous Nonspontaneousarrow_forward
- A reaction has a ΔH of -87.36 kJ and a ΔS of -175.3 J/K. At what temperature (in K) does the reaction become spontaneous? 626.4 K This reaction is always spontaneous 498.3 K 434.6 K This reaction is never spontaneousarrow_forwardAt what temperatures will a reaction be spontaneous if AH = +158 kJ and AS = +411 %3D J/K? O The reaction will never be spontaneous. O The reaction will be spontaneous at any temperature. O All temperatures above 384 K O All temperatures below 384 Karrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY