3. The table on the last page compares for each of four different proteolytic enzymes the chemical bonding structure of a classical substrate with the structures of two competitive inhibitors. For each substrate structure an arrow indicates the position of the scissile bond, i.e., the bond that is cleaved through catalytic action. For each enzyme, one of the inhibitors is a classical competitive inhibitor while the other is a transition-state inhibitor analog. While ordinary competitive inhibitors are associated with (dissociation) inhibitor equilibrium con- stants of ~10-³ to 10-6 M, transition-state analogs exhibit inhibitor constants ≤ 10-⁹ M. (a) For each enzyme draw a circle around those parts of the substrate that account for specificity of substrate recognition. (b) For each enzyme identify the transition-state inhibitor analog by drawing a circle around it and give a brief explanation of why it mimics the structure of the transition-state species. (c) Draw a "generic" Lineweaver-Burk plot that would apply to each enzyme in which there are only three straight lines that separately represent (1) initial velocity data in the absence of an inhibitor, (2) initial velocity data in the presence of the classical competitive inhibitor, and (3) initial velocity data in the presence of the transition-state inhibitor analog.

Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
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3. The table on the last page compares for each of four different proteolytic enzymes the
chemical bonding structure of a classical substrate with the structures of two competitive
inhibitors. For each substrate structure an arrow indicates the position of the scissile bond,
i.e., the bond that is cleaved through catalytic action. For each enzyme, one of the inhibitors
is a classical competitive inhibitor while the other is a transition-state inhibitor analog. While
ordinary competitive inhibitors are associated with (dissociation) inhibitor equilibrium con-
stants of ~10-3 to 10-6 M, transition-state analogs exhibit inhibitor constants ≤ 10-⁹ M.
(a)
For each enzyme draw a circle around those parts of the substrate that account
for specificity of substrate recognition.
(b)
For each enzyme identify the transition-state inhibitor analog by drawing a circle
around it and give a brief explanation of why it mimics the structure of the transition-state
species.
(c)
Draw a "generic" Lineweaver-Burk plot that would apply to each enzyme in which
there are only three straight lines that separately represent (1) initial velocity data in the
absence of an inhibitor, (2) initial velocity data in the presence of the classical competitive
inhibitor, and (3) initial velocity data in the presence of the transition-state inhibitor analog.
Transcribed Image Text:3. The table on the last page compares for each of four different proteolytic enzymes the chemical bonding structure of a classical substrate with the structures of two competitive inhibitors. For each substrate structure an arrow indicates the position of the scissile bond, i.e., the bond that is cleaved through catalytic action. For each enzyme, one of the inhibitors is a classical competitive inhibitor while the other is a transition-state inhibitor analog. While ordinary competitive inhibitors are associated with (dissociation) inhibitor equilibrium con- stants of ~10-3 to 10-6 M, transition-state analogs exhibit inhibitor constants ≤ 10-⁹ M. (a) For each enzyme draw a circle around those parts of the substrate that account for specificity of substrate recognition. (b) For each enzyme identify the transition-state inhibitor analog by drawing a circle around it and give a brief explanation of why it mimics the structure of the transition-state species. (c) Draw a "generic" Lineweaver-Burk plot that would apply to each enzyme in which there are only three straight lines that separately represent (1) initial velocity data in the absence of an inhibitor, (2) initial velocity data in the presence of the classical competitive inhibitor, and (3) initial velocity data in the presence of the transition-state inhibitor analog.
Enzyme
Carboxypeptidase A
Papain
α-chymotrypsin
HIV protease
Substrate
CBZ-NH-CH,-C--NH-CH-COOH
N-CBZ-glycyl-L-phenylalanine
CH₂
T
C6H5
i
CBZ-NH-CH--C-NH-CH, CẠNH
NHI NH
CH₂
C6 Hz
N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycyl-
CH₂-
p-nitroanilide
i
CH,-C-NH-CH-C-NH-CH2-COOH
1
CH2
C6 H5
NO2
N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-glycine
CHO LINH CHÍNH CH
-NH--
1
CH
CH₂
CH3 CH3 C6H5
NH-CH-C-NH-CH-COOH
I
CH3
N-acetyl-L-valyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine
Inhibitor I
CBZ-NH-CH-C-NH-CH-COOH
CH3
N-CBZ-D-alanyl-L-phenylalanine
CH3-C
i
CBZ-NH-CH-C--NH-CH,CH
1-C₁₂-1
T
CH₂
C Hs
T
CH₂
C6H5
N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycinal
ů
NH--CH--C--OH
CH₂
C6H5
N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine
CH,--C--NH-CH-C-NH-CH-C-CH2-CH-COOH
CH
CH2
CH3 CH3 C6H5
CH 3
N-(N-(acetyl)-valyl)-5-amino-5-benzyl-4-keto-
2-methyl-pentanoic acid
CBZ--NH-CH₂--P--NH-CH--COOH
O
Inhibitor II
N-(CBZ-aminomethyl-oxyhydroxyphos-
phinyl)-L-phenylalanine
i
CBZ--NH--CH--C--NH-CH2-COOH
8
1
CH2
C6H5
CH 2
C6H5
N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycine
요
CH3--C--NH--CH--CH(OH)CH₂CH₂COOH
CH2
C6H5
N-acetyl-5-amino-5-benzyl-4-hydroxy-
pentanoic acid
요
CH,--C--NH--CH--C-NH--CH--C--OH
CH
CH
11E0
CH₂
CH3 CH3 C6H5
N-acetyl-L-valyl-L-phenylalanine
Transcribed Image Text:Enzyme Carboxypeptidase A Papain α-chymotrypsin HIV protease Substrate CBZ-NH-CH,-C--NH-CH-COOH N-CBZ-glycyl-L-phenylalanine CH₂ T C6H5 i CBZ-NH-CH--C-NH-CH, CẠNH NHI NH CH₂ C6 Hz N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycyl- CH₂- p-nitroanilide i CH,-C-NH-CH-C-NH-CH2-COOH 1 CH2 C6 H5 NO2 N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-glycine CHO LINH CHÍNH CH -NH-- 1 CH CH₂ CH3 CH3 C6H5 NH-CH-C-NH-CH-COOH I CH3 N-acetyl-L-valyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine Inhibitor I CBZ-NH-CH-C-NH-CH-COOH CH3 N-CBZ-D-alanyl-L-phenylalanine CH3-C i CBZ-NH-CH-C--NH-CH,CH 1-C₁₂-1 T CH₂ C Hs T CH₂ C6H5 N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycinal ů NH--CH--C--OH CH₂ C6H5 N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine CH,--C--NH-CH-C-NH-CH-C-CH2-CH-COOH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 C6H5 CH 3 N-(N-(acetyl)-valyl)-5-amino-5-benzyl-4-keto- 2-methyl-pentanoic acid CBZ--NH-CH₂--P--NH-CH--COOH O Inhibitor II N-(CBZ-aminomethyl-oxyhydroxyphos- phinyl)-L-phenylalanine i CBZ--NH--CH--C--NH-CH2-COOH 8 1 CH2 C6H5 CH 2 C6H5 N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycine 요 CH3--C--NH--CH--CH(OH)CH₂CH₂COOH CH2 C6H5 N-acetyl-5-amino-5-benzyl-4-hydroxy- pentanoic acid 요 CH,--C--NH--CH--C-NH--CH--C--OH CH CH 11E0 CH₂ CH3 CH3 C6H5 N-acetyl-L-valyl-L-phenylalanine
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For answer (a) regarding the last row of compounds, why is the -CH-(CH3)2 not also responsible for the substrate specificity given it is also identical across the substrate and the inhibitors?

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