For a process, we measure one important characteristic of its products and find that its process mean is 38.325 cm and the standard deviation is 0.225 cm. The specification limits are 38.1 ± 0.9 cm. By using the Process Capability Index measure, what is the current quality level (in sigmas) of the process?     2.5 sigmas     3 sigmas     3.5 sigmas     4.5 sigmas For the same process and specification in the above question, what is the quality level (in sigmas) the process can achieve if the process means can be adjusted to be centered at the nominal value, i.e., 38.1 cm?     4 sigmas     4.5 sigmas     5 sigmas     3.5 sigmas

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...