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First define, then use maps to discuss the following events: a) tornado, b) severe thunderstorms and c) severe hail
i) the frequency of occurrence (days per year) and distribution (where in the US each event occurs the most, the least, and average days per year) and
ii) The reasons for specific events to occur the most at or around those areas (discuss in terms of the ingredients to form a weather event and how the area favorably works for those ingredients).
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Severe Weather Reports Per Year (2003-2012)
343 6 84 14 14 13 16 s 2119 18 201 29 244 15 17 14
33 0 12 1l13 13 13 18 1917 18 18 16 1714 19A6 As 14 21
Severe Weather Days Per Year From 2003-2012 Reports
Tomado Days Per Year From 2003-2012 Reports
Days with at least one tornado, wind, and/or hail report within -25 miles.
11
Days with at least 1 tomado report within -25 miles.
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National Weather Service
National Weather Service
Storm Prediction Center
Storm Prediction Center
Severe Hail Days Per Year From 2003-2012 Reports
Severe Thunderstorm Wind Days Per Year From 2003-2012 Reports
Days with at least 1 report of inch+ hail within -25 miles.
Days with at least 1 report of a severe thunderstorm gust within -25 miles.
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Transcribed Image Text:These maps were created by gridding the total number of daily severe weather reports (Midnight to 11:59pm CDT) over the 10-year period from 2003
through 2012 on a 80km grid. The resulting grid numbers are then divided by 10 and smoothed to arrive at the annual average number of days with a
report of severe weather based on official NWS Storm Data records. The 80km grid-point value corresponds to the number of events within 25 miles of a
point. While the resulting maps generally match our understanding of severe weather climatology, there are a few exceptions that come about as a result
of how the severe weather event is quantified. Even through the data are smoothed, severe weather reports cluster around population centers. This can
be seen on the "any" or "all" severe weather map in the upper left. Maximum values show up around Charlotte, NC, Huntsville, AL, Jackson, MS,
Springfield, MO, and Dallas, TX. These are locations where more severe weather is reported because more people live in those areas. The hail reports
used to generate the hail frequency map are from reports of hail 1 inch or greater in diameter. Large hail reports are most common from Rapid City, SD to
Denver, CO, Dodge City, KS, and Springfield, MO. The wind report map perhaps poses the greatest challenge in terms of representing where a greater
severe thunderstorm wind threat may exist. The majority of severe thunderstorm wind reports are verified by falling trees "not* by observed wind gusts of
50 knots or greater. Thus, there is a distinct tendency for severe thunderstorm winds to be reported in areas with more trees. Recent peer-reviewed
studies have compared the severe weather reports used to make these maps with automated observations (for wind), and radar data (for hail). These
studies have found that greater concentrations/frequencies of severe hail (based on radar) and 50kt or greater severe thunderstorm wind gusts (based on
automated observations) are more likely to occur over parts of the Great Plains and Midwest than what might be indicated in the maps shown here. (Click
each map for full resolution version.)
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