Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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![**Educational Content on Escape Velocity and Helium's Behavior on Mars**
**Understanding Escape Velocity:**
Escape velocity is the speed that an object must reach to break free from a planet's gravitational pull without further propulsion. This concept is crucial when studying planetary atmospheres and potential for atmospheric loss.
**Helium (He) on Mars:**
This exercise involves calculating the ratio of the velocity of helium (He) at Mars' temperature to the escape velocity from Mars.
**Graph Explanation:**
The graph plots escape velocity (in km/s) versus temperature (in Kelvin) for various celestial bodies and molecules.
- **Y-axis:** Represents escape velocity (km/s), ranging from 0 to 60 km/s.
- **X-axis:** Shows temperature (K), from 0 to 1000 K.
- **Blue Lines:** Indicate velocity trends for different molecules: H₂, He, H₂O, NH₃, CH₄, N₂, O₂, CO₂.
- **Key Points:**
- Each celestial body is marked (Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, Titan, Pluto, Ceres, Moon).
- The positioning indicates their respective escape velocities and temperatures.
**Steps to Solve the Problem:**
1. **Velocity of Helium on Mars:**
- Enter the velocity of He at Mars' temperature (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input).
2. **Escape Velocity of Mars:**
- Enter the escape velocity of Mars (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input).
3. **Calculate the Ratio:**
- \( \frac{v_{\text{molecule}}}{v_{\text{Mars}}} = \)
- Fill in the blank with the calculated ratio.
4. **Determine Helium's Escape:**
- Based on the ratio, can He escape from Mars?
- Options: Yes / No
This analysis helps understand the potential for helium and other gases to remain in Mars’ atmosphere, offering insight into the planet's atmospheric composition and retention capabilities.](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/da14446f-ef4d-47d5-9b14-b7a32b5fa1b1/711a7a79-23b3-4abe-8d90-c0e8bff2b497/ou5cosu_processed.jpeg)
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Content on Escape Velocity and Helium's Behavior on Mars**
**Understanding Escape Velocity:**
Escape velocity is the speed that an object must reach to break free from a planet's gravitational pull without further propulsion. This concept is crucial when studying planetary atmospheres and potential for atmospheric loss.
**Helium (He) on Mars:**
This exercise involves calculating the ratio of the velocity of helium (He) at Mars' temperature to the escape velocity from Mars.
**Graph Explanation:**
The graph plots escape velocity (in km/s) versus temperature (in Kelvin) for various celestial bodies and molecules.
- **Y-axis:** Represents escape velocity (km/s), ranging from 0 to 60 km/s.
- **X-axis:** Shows temperature (K), from 0 to 1000 K.
- **Blue Lines:** Indicate velocity trends for different molecules: H₂, He, H₂O, NH₃, CH₄, N₂, O₂, CO₂.
- **Key Points:**
- Each celestial body is marked (Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, Titan, Pluto, Ceres, Moon).
- The positioning indicates their respective escape velocities and temperatures.
**Steps to Solve the Problem:**
1. **Velocity of Helium on Mars:**
- Enter the velocity of He at Mars' temperature (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input).
2. **Escape Velocity of Mars:**
- Enter the escape velocity of Mars (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input).
3. **Calculate the Ratio:**
- \( \frac{v_{\text{molecule}}}{v_{\text{Mars}}} = \)
- Fill in the blank with the calculated ratio.
4. **Determine Helium's Escape:**
- Based on the ratio, can He escape from Mars?
- Options: Yes / No
This analysis helps understand the potential for helium and other gases to remain in Mars’ atmosphere, offering insight into the planet's atmospheric composition and retention capabilities.
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