First, enter the velocity of He at Mars' temperature (in km/s).

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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**Educational Content on Escape Velocity and Helium's Behavior on Mars**

**Understanding Escape Velocity:**

Escape velocity is the speed that an object must reach to break free from a planet's gravitational pull without further propulsion. This concept is crucial when studying planetary atmospheres and potential for atmospheric loss.

**Helium (He) on Mars:**
 
This exercise involves calculating the ratio of the velocity of helium (He) at Mars' temperature to the escape velocity from Mars. 

**Graph Explanation:**

The graph plots escape velocity (in km/s) versus temperature (in Kelvin) for various celestial bodies and molecules. 

- **Y-axis:** Represents escape velocity (km/s), ranging from 0 to 60 km/s.
- **X-axis:** Shows temperature (K), from 0 to 1000 K.
- **Blue Lines:** Indicate velocity trends for different molecules: H₂, He, H₂O, NH₃, CH₄, N₂, O₂, CO₂.
- **Key Points:**
  - Each celestial body is marked (Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, Titan, Pluto, Ceres, Moon).
  - The positioning indicates their respective escape velocities and temperatures.

**Steps to Solve the Problem:**

1. **Velocity of Helium on Mars:**
   - Enter the velocity of He at Mars' temperature (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input).

2. **Escape Velocity of Mars:**
   - Enter the escape velocity of Mars (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input).

3. **Calculate the Ratio:**
   - \( \frac{v_{\text{molecule}}}{v_{\text{Mars}}} = \)
   - Fill in the blank with the calculated ratio.

4. **Determine Helium's Escape:**
   - Based on the ratio, can He escape from Mars?
     - Options: Yes / No

This analysis helps understand the potential for helium and other gases to remain in Mars’ atmosphere, offering insight into the planet's atmospheric composition and retention capabilities.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Content on Escape Velocity and Helium's Behavior on Mars** **Understanding Escape Velocity:** Escape velocity is the speed that an object must reach to break free from a planet's gravitational pull without further propulsion. This concept is crucial when studying planetary atmospheres and potential for atmospheric loss. **Helium (He) on Mars:** This exercise involves calculating the ratio of the velocity of helium (He) at Mars' temperature to the escape velocity from Mars. **Graph Explanation:** The graph plots escape velocity (in km/s) versus temperature (in Kelvin) for various celestial bodies and molecules. - **Y-axis:** Represents escape velocity (km/s), ranging from 0 to 60 km/s. - **X-axis:** Shows temperature (K), from 0 to 1000 K. - **Blue Lines:** Indicate velocity trends for different molecules: H₂, He, H₂O, NH₃, CH₄, N₂, O₂, CO₂. - **Key Points:** - Each celestial body is marked (Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, Titan, Pluto, Ceres, Moon). - The positioning indicates their respective escape velocities and temperatures. **Steps to Solve the Problem:** 1. **Velocity of Helium on Mars:** - Enter the velocity of He at Mars' temperature (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input). 2. **Escape Velocity of Mars:** - Enter the escape velocity of Mars (in km/s): [5] km/s (example input). 3. **Calculate the Ratio:** - \( \frac{v_{\text{molecule}}}{v_{\text{Mars}}} = \) - Fill in the blank with the calculated ratio. 4. **Determine Helium's Escape:** - Based on the ratio, can He escape from Mars? - Options: Yes / No This analysis helps understand the potential for helium and other gases to remain in Mars’ atmosphere, offering insight into the planet's atmospheric composition and retention capabilities.
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