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- ← → X VD C Calculate the income tax for a single person who has $81,396 of taxable income using the table below which shows the tax brackets for 2016 for single workers. TODE EQ Taxable Income $0 to $9,375 $9,376 to $37,550 $37,551 to $90,850 $90,851 to $189,500 $189,501 to $411,650 $411,651 to $414,500 $414,501 or more Answer to the nearest penny. Tax Rate 12% of amount over $0 $945 plus 16% of the amount over $9,375 $5,278 plus 26% of the amount over $37,550 $18,526 plus 29% of the amount over $90,850 $46,592 plus 34% of the amount over $189,500 $119,622 plus 36% of the amount over $411,650 $120,135 plus 40.2% of the amount over $414,500 hpCalculating tax incidence Suppose that the local government of Jacksonville decides to institute a tax on soda producers. Before the tax, 40 billion liters of soda were sold every year at a price of $10 per liter. After the tax, 33 billion liters of soda are sold every year; consumers pay $12 per liter, and producers receive $7 per liter (after paying the tax). The amount of the tax on a liter of soda is per liter. Of this amount, the burden that falls on consumers is per liter, and the burden that falls on producers is per liter. True or False: The effect of the tax on the quantity sold would have been larger if the tax had beenSC Many economists believe that a more effective way to supplement the income of the poor is through a negative income tax. Under this scheme, everyone reports his or her income to the government; individuals and families earning a higher income will pay a tax based on that income, while low-income individuals and families receive a subsidy, or negative tax. Assume that the only qualification required to receive a tax credit is low income. Suppose the government uses the following equation to compute a family's tax liability: Taxes Owed = (1/4 of Income) For each of the incomes listed in the following table, determine the tax liability for a family with that income level. (Note: If a family receives a subsidy because its income is too low, be sure to indicate the tax liability as negative.) Income Tax Liability (Dollars per year) (Dollars per year) 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 77°F Mostly sunny (1/4 of Income) - $10,000 F1 F2 0- F3 Q+ F4 F5 DA COL F6 i F7 1 C J F8 C F9 SAC F10 FO F11 F12 2…
- Both a payroll tax and an excise tax on alcoholraise revenue and, respectively, shrink the marketsfor labor and alcohol. Although both have somefunctions in common, governments may havedifferent goals when levying them. What goalsdo you think motivate a payroll tax? What goalsmotivate an alcohol tax?Why do you think we should use taxation as a redistribution tool in a country? www wwwm (Ctrl) -The demand for cigarettes, which create negativeexternalities through secondhand smoke, is oftenrelatively inelastic. That is, when the price of cigarettes changes, the quantity demanded changes bya smaller portion. Using this fact, explain to whatextent you think a tax on cigarettes would fulfilleach of the goals of taxation.
- A challenger presidential candidate vows to cutentitlement spending by 20 percent in the first fewweeks that he is in office. Why is it unlikely thecandidate could achieve this reduction?Using two demand and supply diagrams, one for the low-wage labor market and one for the high-wage labor market, explain how a program that increased educational levels for a substantial number of low-skill workers could reduce inflame inequality.Briefly explain the differences between TANF, the earned income tax credit, SNAP, and Medicaid.
- Explain how a country may experience greater equality in the distribution of income, yet still experience high rates of poverty. Hint: Look at the Clear It Up 'How do governments measure poverty in low-income countries?' and compare to Table 15.5.Suppose you are a typical person in the U.S. economy.You pay 4 percent of your income in a state incometax and 15.3 percent of your labor earnings in federalpayroll taxes (employer and employee sharescombined). You also pay federal income taxes as inTable 2 (p. 228). How much tax of each type do youpay if you earn $30,000 a year? Taking all taxes intoaccount, what are your average and marginal tax rates?What happens to your tax bill and to your average andmarginal tax rates if your income rises to $60,000?. Consider two communities. In one community,ten families have incomes of $100,000 each and tenfamilies have incomes of $20,000 each. In the othercommunity, ten families have incomes of $250,000each and ten families have incomes of $25,000 each.a. In which community is the distribution of incomemore unequal? In which community is theproblem of poverty likely to be worse?b. Which distribution of income would Rawls prefer?Explain.c. Which distribution of income do you prefer?Explain.d. Why might someone have the oppositepreference?