Fast block to polyspermy is achieved by: Select one: O a. a. membrane depolarization O b. action potential O c. proteasomal degradation of sperm O d. proteasomal degradation of sperm receptors Oe. actin polymerization

Which of the following statement correctly describe the role of androgen in the male reproductive system? Select one: A. LH stimulates the Sertoli cell to produce inhibin and to start spermatogenesis.  B. Increased levels of inhibin released by the interstitial cells result in lower levels of FSH and testosterone. C. Increased levels of testosterone feedbacks negatively to the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. D. GnRH is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of FSH and LH.

Identify 1 effect of the hormone Inhibin in pregnancy. Select one: O a. This inhibits the secretion of follicle stimulating hormaone by the anterior pituitary gland - preventing ovulation O b. It is know to mediate the haemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy such as; increased cardiac output, increased renal flow, increased arterial compliance 0 с. This influences the transamniotic waste transfer from the mother to the fetus side

One role of the acrosomal reaction is: O Fusing the sperm membrane with the oocyte membrane O Degradation of the zona pellucida O Avoid polyspermy O Compaction of sperm DNA O Hypermotility of sperm

Progesterone: 1)  Is produced in adult testes and is responsible for genital development, beard growth, muscle development, and sexual drive 2)  Is produced by the placenta during pregnancy, with highest levels seen at conception and then steadily decreasing to non-detectable levels at term 3)  Is lowest is serum during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and highest during the follicular phase 4)  Parallels activity of the corpus luteum by rapidly increasing following ovulation and then abruptly falling to initial low concentrations prior to the onset of menstruation no references, just homework.

Briefly describe the role of BMP-4 in ovarian follicular development

Which of the following is a useful serum marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer? Select one: A. Follicle-stimulating hormone B. Prostate-specific antigen C. Human chorionic gonadotropin D. Luteinizing hormone E. Alpha-fetoprotein O O O O

FSH stimulates cells to secrete Androgen Binding Protein. OA. Interstitial O B. Leydig O C. Sustentacular cells O D. Sperm

Select the most accurate statement regarding male sexual function.   A. Damage to the sympathetic nuclei will not impair and have no consequences on male sexual function. B. Onuf’s nuclei hijacks pudendal nerve to temporarily cause it to have parasympathetic function, thereby allowing contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus C. Males can voluntarily stop during the seminal emission and the expulsion phase. D. The spinal ejaculation generator receives afferent stimulation from obturator nerve.

1a) State the organ of origin of the following hormones and the function for: GnRH, FSH, LH, Estrogen, and Progesterone.  1b) The menstrual cycle contains both positive and negative feedback loops. Explain how. Please frame your answer using the “monitor -> control centre -> effector” scheme.