Explain why the multiplier falls when taxes depend on income.   .1 Assume the following for the economy of a country:   a. Consumption function: C = 60 + 0.75Yd   b. Investment: I = 75   c. Government spending: G = 45   d. Net taxes: T = - 25 + 0.2Y   e. Disposable income: Yd. = Y - T   f. Equilibrium: Y = C + I + G   Solve for equilibrium income. How much does the government collect in net taxes when the economy is in equilibrium? What is the government’s budget deficit or surplus?

1. The government expenditure multiplier is the effect of a change in government expenditure (G) on goods and services: a. An increase in aggregate expenditure increases aggregate demand (AD), which increases real GDP, which induces an increase in consumption expenditure (C), and which further increases aggregate demand (AD). b. An increase in aggregate expenditure increases aggregate supply (AS), which increases real GDP, which induces an increase in consumption expenditure (C), and which further increases aggregate supply (AS). c.  An increase in aggregate expenditure decreases aggregate demand (AD), which decreases real GDP, which induces an decrease in consumption expenditure (C), and which further decreases aggregate demand (AD). d. An increase in aggregate expenditure decreases aggregate supply (AS), which decreases real GDP, which induces an decrease in consumption expenditure (C), and which further decreases aggregate supply (AS).   2.  How do banks create money? Group of…

Aggregate expenditure (billions of 2007 dollars) 375 347 150 100 10 0 100 200 45° line AE C 300 375 Real GDP (billions of 2007 dollars) 6. Using the graph above, assume there are no taxes in this economy. Answer the following questions: a. MPC = b. MPM = C. MP to Spend = =Z= d. AE Function = e. Multiplier = f. Equilibrium level of Real GDP is

Figure 4 Expenditures 9000 6000 3000 3000 6000 Disposible Income 1. In Figure 4, how much is government spending when disposable income is 3000? CH-G 9000 2. In Figure 4, how much is government spending when disposable income is 9000?

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4. Planned expenditure and income The following table shows consumption (C), investment spending (I), and government purchases (G), in a hypothetical economy for various levels of income. Also assume that there is an income tax rate of 25%, that base consumption is $100 billion, and that the MPC is 0.333, or 1/3. This economy is closed, with no international trade, therefore net exports are equal to zero and should not be considered. Use the given information to fill in disposable income, consumption, and planned expenditures in the following table. Income: Real Disposable (After Tax) Planned GDP Income C I, G Expenditures (Billions of (Billions of dollars) (Billions of (Billions of (Billions of (Billions of dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) 100 50 150 100 50 150 200 50 150 300 50 150 400 50 150 500 50 150

5. Expenditure Gaps The following graph shows the planned expenditure line (AE) for an economy where current equilibrium income is $400 billion and full-employment income is $650 billion. REAL EXPENDITURE (Billions of dollars) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 100 45-degree line The economy is experiencing the income gap would require a $ this economy is PE Full-Employment Income 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 INCOME (Billions of dollars) billion PE ? billion. Closing in government spending. Thus the value of the multiplier for with the absolute value of the gap equal to