Explain why indels that involve just one or two nucleotides have more severe consequences than ndels that involve three contiguous nucleotides.

A small section of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene has the amino acid sequence valine, histidine, cysteine, and lysine. A mutation in the above section of the amino acid sequence resulted in the substitution of amino acid histidine with amino acid glutamine. The mutation in the antisense strand DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene described above involves a. the substitution of thymine base from GTG b. the deletion of second cytosine base from CAC c. the deletion of second guanine base from GTG d. the substitution of second cytosine base from CAC

There are five substitution mutations in the dark-colored mutant Mc1r gene. Compare the DNA sequence of the light-colored wild-type Mc1r gene with the DNA sequence of the dark-colored mutant Mc1r gene. Indicate the locations of the five mutations by changing the font color to YELLOW for the five single DNA nucleotidesthat are mutated in the mutant Mc1r gene table. Using the information in the introduction, determine whether each of these mutations is a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation. Using the mutant Mc1r gene data, fill in the columns (including DNA, mRNA, and amino acid) in gene table 2 that contain a silent mutation with BLUE. Likewise, fill in the columns that contain a missense mutation with RED. Shade any columns that contain nonsense mutations with GREEN.

In your own words, explain why 5’-CG-3’ dinucleotides are much rarer than we expect them to be in our genome.