Explain why indels that involve just one or two nucleotides have more severe consequences than ndels that involve three contiguous nucleotides.

Q: Why is deleting one nucleotide generally more detrimental than deleting three?

A: Nucleotides are monomeric units of nucleic acids.They are phosphate esters of nucleosides and made…

Q: le) Frrors may occur during DNA replication, resulting in a change to the sequence of base triplets.…

A: Through the replication process, the information from one DNA molecule is replicated to create two…

Q: Describe the differences between the syntheses of the leading and lagging strands.

A: The process of replication refers to the method, in which Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copies itself…

Q: Do any strands of nucleic acid exist in nature in which part of the strand is DNA and another part…

A: DNA RNA hybrid is a formed when one strand is DNA and another strand is RNA. In DNA Thymine is…

Q: Which nucleotides break the rules of Watson–Crick basepairing when they are found at the wobble…

A: The wobble hypothesis states that the base at 5' end of the anticodon is not spatially confined as…

Q: Describe the term SDS-PAGE.

A: Charged particles migrate during electrophoresis under the influence of an electric current. For…

Q: Draw the structures of an I ∙ C wobble pair and an I ∙ U wobble pair.

A: A wobble base pair is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules that does not follow…

Q: Explain linker domain

A: In order to stay intact in cells, some proteins occur in complex with the binding partners They…

Q: Explain the term FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) ? Define the importance of FAD (flavin adenine…

A: Answer- FAD or flavin adenine dinucleotide is a reduced energy equavalent and cofactors that play a…

Q: Shown below is an R loop prepared for electron microscopy by annealing a purified eukaryotic…

A: An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene…

Q: Draw the structure of the double Holliday junctionthat would result from strand invasion by both…

A: Holiday junction are intermediates of homologous recombination and this junction formation occur…

Q: The E. coli genome contains 1009 Chi sequences. Do these sequences occur at random, and, if not, how…

A: Recombination is the process of genetic reshuffling where the genetic material is shared within or…

Q: Why are GC and AT the only base pairs permissible in the double helix?

A: Base pair:         The nucleotides on opposite strands of DNA double helix, that form chemical bonds…

Q: You have isolated a fragment of viral DNA that supposedly encodes for two proteins, 196 and 220…

A: Expression of proteins from genes on DNA occurs in two steps - transcription and translation. During…

Q: --TGT(G/C)CAG------3'

A: SNV means single nucleotide variants on individual RNA molecules To identify genomic differences we…

Q: Which of the follwing enzymes adds incoming deoxyribonucleotid triphosphates to the 3' OH of the…

A: Deoxyribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA.…

Q: Explain the mechanism of trinucleotide repeat expansion.

A: Introduction: A trinucleotide repeat expansion is type of DNA mutation. In which, the trinucleotide…

Q: Based on the information in Figure, which single-nucleotide mutationevent is more likely:…

A: Genes are the unit of hereditary that codes for amino acids responsible for the formation of…

Q: There are characteristic differences in the nucleotide sequences of the leading and lagging strands.…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) is a molecule that contains two polynucleotide chains that coil around…

Q: xplain how mismatch repair fixes incorrectly matched base pairs.

A: During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases use a process is called proofreading to double-check…

Q: Give 3 strand slippage and trinucleotide repeat disorder examples

A: DNA is the source of genetic information. It transfers genetic information from parents to…

Q: Explain the importance of Chargaff's rules and the complementary nature of nucleotide bases.

A: Erwin Chargaff proposed Chargaff’s rule. Chargaff’s rule played important role in the discovery of…

Q: Explain how mismatch repair fixes incorrectly matched base pairs.

A: During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases use a process is called proofreading to double-check…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.