Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
  1. Explain whether or not it is possible for two igneous rocks to be composed of the same minerals, but have entirely different names? Please provide an example to go along with your explanation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Granite is the most common igneous rock that is found in continental crust. Basalt is the most common igneous rock found in oceanic crust. How could you easily distinguish between these two rocks?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. In terms of maturity, explain how you can determine the distance from the source the sediments in the rock traveled?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. If you refer to Table 1: Sedimentary Depositional Environments notice that several of the same rocks appear in different rows, associated with different depositional environments.  For example, the rock shale can be found in many different places – deep ocean, lakes, lagoons, continental shelf/slope, submarine fans.  Explain how you could determine which of the possible environments the sample of shale actually formed?

Table 1: Sedimentary Depositional Environments Modified from: Wiese, Katryn https://fog.ccsf.edu/~kwiese/content/Classes/GeologyLabManual Spring2021.pdf and Open Geology Text: https://opengeology.org/textbook/5-weathering-erosion-and-sedimentary-rocks/ Location Deep Ocean (Abyssal) Common Rock Types Typical Fossils Sediment very fine muds and oozes, diatomaceous Earth chert, shale, mudstone, limestone microscopic organisms - diatoms & coccolithophores Submarine fan Continental shelf & slope graded sequences, alternating sand/mud mud, possible sand larger sediments, sand and mud shale, mudstone, siltstone shale, mudstone, siltstone, limestone sandstone, conglomerate rare rare Fluvial (River) Beach (Littoral) very well sorted sand sandstone Reef Lagoon Landslide, Fault Zone, Debris Flow, Impact (meteorite), Tsunami Lake (Lacustrine) lime mud with coral limestone laminated mud mud to boulders, angular, poorly sorted fragments shale breccia rare bioturbation-layers disturbed by movement of organisms many, commonly coral many, bioturbation-layers disturbed by movement of organisms varies fine-grained mud shale invertebrates, rare (deep) bone beds Swamp (Paludal) Desert (Aeolian) plant material very well-sorted sand and silt coal plant debris sandstone rare Glacial mud to boulders, poorly sorted breccia (tillite) rare
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Transcribed Image Text:Table 1: Sedimentary Depositional Environments Modified from: Wiese, Katryn https://fog.ccsf.edu/~kwiese/content/Classes/GeologyLabManual Spring2021.pdf and Open Geology Text: https://opengeology.org/textbook/5-weathering-erosion-and-sedimentary-rocks/ Location Deep Ocean (Abyssal) Common Rock Types Typical Fossils Sediment very fine muds and oozes, diatomaceous Earth chert, shale, mudstone, limestone microscopic organisms - diatoms & coccolithophores Submarine fan Continental shelf & slope graded sequences, alternating sand/mud mud, possible sand larger sediments, sand and mud shale, mudstone, siltstone shale, mudstone, siltstone, limestone sandstone, conglomerate rare rare Fluvial (River) Beach (Littoral) very well sorted sand sandstone Reef Lagoon Landslide, Fault Zone, Debris Flow, Impact (meteorite), Tsunami Lake (Lacustrine) lime mud with coral limestone laminated mud mud to boulders, angular, poorly sorted fragments shale breccia rare bioturbation-layers disturbed by movement of organisms many, commonly coral many, bioturbation-layers disturbed by movement of organisms varies fine-grained mud shale invertebrates, rare (deep) bone beds Swamp (Paludal) Desert (Aeolian) plant material very well-sorted sand and silt coal plant debris sandstone rare Glacial mud to boulders, poorly sorted breccia (tillite) rare
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