explain what is difference between "Buffering", "Spooling" and "Caching" in a single-user system.

a data structure that stores an ordered list of items, where each item is directly accessible by a positional index                                                                        a data structure that stores an ordered list of items in nodes, where each node stores data and has a pointer to the next node                                                                        a data structure in which each node stores data and has up to two children, known as a left child and a right child                                                                        a data structure that stores unordered items by mapping each item to a location in an array                                                                        a data structure for representing connections among items, and consists of vertices connected by edges Graph, binary tree, hash table, array, linked list. Assign each term to its definition please

Define buffering.

Take the case of a snapshot-isolated database used by an airline. I was wondering if you could provide me an example of a non-serializable execution that the airline would be prepared to tolerate in exchange for improved performance.