Explain the roles of ATP and NADPH in catabolic and anabolic reactions.

Q: Explain the following terms:  ATP and ADP, draw and explain

A: In biological system, we need a chemical energy that makes the changes by breaking the chemical…

Q: Describe the citric acid cycle's many functions.

A: In cells, biomolecules undergo several metabolic reactions to produce energy. Biosynthesis of…

Q: Draw a simplified citric acid cycle and indicate the high-energy products.

A: Cellular respiration is defined as the process by which sugars obtained from the diet are converted…

Q: Describe method by which uncoupling agents (like 2,4-dinitrophenol) inhibit oxidative…

A: The oxidation of carbohydrates such as glucose generates electrons that are carried to the electron…

Q: Identify the enzymes that are considered rate limiting in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

A: A metabolic chemical reaction either completes in one step or completes in more than one step in…

Q: Explain the role of ATP in anabolism and catabolism

A: The cells of the body required a ready supply of cellular energy which is used in many of their…

Q: Explain the fate of each carbon during the completeaerobic metabolism of glucose.

A: Glucose, a six-carbon compound, enters glycolysis to form two pyruvate molecules (3 carbon…

Q: Think of other catabolic or anabolic processes aside from photosynthesis and cellular respiration.…

A: Anabolic reaction refers to reactions that deal with the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller…

Q: Compare the transketolase and transaldolase reactions in terms of substrates, products, mechanism,…

A: Transaldolase is an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and…

Q: Describe the main catabolic pathways and their locations inaerobic respiration.

A: The chemical pathways that breakdown the large and complex substances into simpler ones are called…

Q: Is there a difference between the initial and the final energy levels in catalyzed and non-catalyzed…

A: Catalyzed reactions are usually used to accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction by the action of…

Q: Indicate the role of coenzymes used in cellular oxidation reactions.

A: Any chemical process with electrons passing is oxidation. It means that the material that releases…

Q: Describe the basic steps in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, and…

A: In the complex process of cellular respiration, a molecule of glucose is broken down to release CO2…

Q: Describe the relationships among endergonic reactions, ATP hydrolysis, and cellular respiration.

A: Endergonic reactions are defined as a non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which the free energy…

Q: Describe the electron-transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation,and how the two processes are…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors…

Q: Calculate the amount of ATP’s that will be formed during the oxidative phosphorylation process if:…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of synthesis of ATP from the energy made available from…

Q: How does ATP assist enzymes which catalyze endergonic reactions?

A: The primary molecule for storing and transmitting energy in cells is adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or…

Q: Describe what happens during oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain.

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzyme to oxidize nutrient to…

Q: Illustrate a coupled reaction, and explain the role of ATP in a coupled reaction.

A: The coupled reaction is a type of reaction in which one reaction is directly coupled or linked to…

Q: Identify how the terms anabolic, catabolic, endergonic,and exergonic relate to metabolic reactions.

A: Metabolism is process of various biochemical reactions that breaks and makes the molecules in the…

Q: Identify the final acceptor of the electrons released in the reactions of cellular respiration.

A: Cellular respiration is known as a metabolic pathway that results in the breakdown of glucose and…

Q: Describe how the catabolic pathways of glycolysis and the citric acidcycle intersect with anabolic…

A: Catabolism and anabolism are the two major chemical reactions that take place in living cells for…

Q: List the main features of the citric acid cycle

A: Introduction: The citric acid cycle is a collection of eight biochemical reactions that all aerobic…

Q: Describe the reactions in the citric acid cycle and explain its role in energy production.

A: In the eukaryotic cells, the krebs, tricarboxylic acid or the citric acid cycle occurs in the…

Q: Describe the overall outcome of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in terms of the…

A: The citric acid cycle is responsible for collecting high-energy electrons from fossil fuels. It's…

Q: Describe the hydrolysis of ATP, and explain why this reaction is exergonic?

A: Hydrolysis of ATP : It is the catabolic reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in…

Q: Discuss the steps involved in Oxidative phosphorylation?

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of generation of ATP molecule by transfer of electrons…

Q: Explain how the pentose phosphate pathway can respond to a cell’s need for ATP, NADPH, and ribose-5-…

A: Metabolic pathways include all the chemical pathways that occur in the living cells.

Q: Write balanced equations for each reaction in the citric acid cycle.

A: The citric acid cycle is a metabolic process that involves cellular respiration where oxidation of…

Q: Write the net ATP in glyconeogenesis and write the net reaction of it...

A: Glyconeogenesis is the synthesis of sugars like glucose and glycogen from sources other than…

Q: Name the three main catabolic pathways and the estimated ATP yield for each.

A: Catabolic pathways refer to the process of catabolism in which large biomolecules are broken down…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.