Answered: Explain the relationship between the…

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter36: Digestion And Human Nutrition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11SA

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Explain the relationship between the structure and function of the Digestive System, Smooth Muscle Tissue, Microvilli

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

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As you may know, Homer Simpson loves his donuts. So lets help Homer understand how his donut is processed from beginning to end. To do this you will need to 1. summarize the digestive system by identifying the gastrointestinal tract organs and their functions as the donut moves along the track. To do this you will need to identify 2. the function of the mouth and what compounds are broken down in the mouth and how (describe the chemical digestion); 3. The function of the stomach, describe chyme, the role of the stomach in mechanical digestion, chemical digestion (how, describe the chemical digestion and enzymes), and absorption. Why is it necessary for the stomach contents to be so acidic? How does the stomach protect itself from digestion? State the cells that secrete hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor and the functions of each secretion; 4. Explain how small intestine absorption is assisted by circular folds (plicae circulares), villi, and microvilli; and describe mechanical digestion in the small intestine. What is the digestive function of the liver, pancreas and gallbladder-describe the juices and their functions? What is bile and where is it produced? What chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine-describe? 5. Describe digestion and absorption in the large intestine, and defecation.

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