Explain the hysteresis that can be found in materials due to force, magnetic and electrical subjection (give an example on two different materials below)   show and explain the hysteresis curves for these materials.  1)High carbon steel 2)Cast iron

3 Biot-Savart for Curved Wire A segment of a closed current loop is shown in the following figure. Compute the magnetic field at the center of the semi-circle due to the straight and curved segments shown. b (Technically, to use the Biot-Savart law for currents in a wire, the current must be constant, and the wire must form a closed loop. As a result, there will be a contribution to the magnetic field at the origin due to the parts of the closed loop that are not shown. However, here we assume that the not- shown part of the loop is far enough away that they can be neglected.)

how does the electrostatic discharge occur in the following situation? explain with suitable mathematical substantiation  a. Insulator surface are rubbing together. b.Insulator surface are pulling apart.

A flux of 0.0016 Wb flows in a silicon sheet steel coil/core. The arrangement appears as shown below with the following dimensions: Ac = 0.0025 m? Core/gap area: Flux path length: le = 0.350 m lg = 0.0015 m N = 500 Air gap length: Number of turns: %3D A. What is the current, I, through the winding? B. What is the energy stored in the inductance? C. Assume that the current is given by i =9.75 sin (3147) A. What is the RMS voltage that would appear across the winding? D. Assume that the gap is removed from the arrangement with the flux path remaining at 0.350 m. For a flux of 0.0016 Wb, what is the inductance of the arrangement? E. What is the energy stored in the inductance with the gap removed?

The magnetic core in Figure 3. has a mean core length of 80 cm, and its uniform cross-sectional area is 10 cm?. The relative permeability of the core is 1,500, and an AC voltage source e(t) =60 cos(120 t )V is connected across the coil of N = 100 turns. Obtain an expression fo n the core and the current in the coil.

compute the reluctance of the magnetic circuit

Discuss the relationship between voltage break down and humidity, temperature and distance explain with curve

An air-cored choke is designed to have an inductance of 20H when operating at a flux density of I Wb/m²: the corresponding relative permeability of iron core is 4000. Determine the number of turns in the winding: given that the flux path has a mean length of 22 cm in the iron core and I mm in air gap and that its cross-section is 10 cm².

In figure, a magnetic flux of F is generated with a constant current of i.  The core material used has a relative permeability of 4000. Assuming that the mean cross sectional area that the magnetic flux passing through in core is A=4 [cm2] and there is no fringing in air gap, N= 1000 turns and i=10 [A], lair=2 [mm]. what is the reluctance in air gap? what is the total reluctance? what are the flux and flux density in air gap? Remember: µ0 = 4πx10-7 Answers:Rair =  ___________ [At/Wb]Rtotal = _________ [At/Wb]φ =  ___________ [Wb]B =  ________[T]

Pr1. A metal rod having a mass m and length e has resistance R. The rod hangs from two vertical metallic wires of length l in a uni- form vertical magnetic field B of a horseshoe magnet (see figure). The wires have negligib- le resistance. An AC voltage source is connec- ted between the wires which provides a voltage U(t) = Uo cos wt, where Uo and w are constants. U(t) S m IN a) Show that for small angular displacements p the motion of the rod can be described by the cquation U (t) = aö + Bộ + VP, and express the constants a, 3, y in terms of quantities m, l, B, R and the gravitational ac- celeration g. b) At a certain frequency w = wo the ampli- tude of the oscillations of the rod becomes large and the equation above does not describe the motion anymore. Estimate the frequency wo.