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Explain the following term, be sure to include energy requirements for each process and a biological example of each process:
Simple diffusion
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- Explain the following term, be sure to include energy requirements for each process and a biological example of each process: active transportPlease handraw this graph with all the necessary detailed information: Imagine that I text enzyme rate for four different temperatures: 10 degrees celsius, 20 degrees celsisus, 30 degree celsius, and 40 degree celsius, in separate tubes. The enzyme appears to work faster as temperature increases, but completely ceases activity at 40 degrees celcius. Sketch a graph to show this outcome, but here you will graph product formation (nmoles/mL) vs. time (minutes). The graph should be 4 lines and HANDDRAWN. Include a legend if necessary. You do not need precise quantitivate values, but most show the correct trends on the graph.Classify the following into either activation processes or inhibitions processes. Process Phosphorylation of a transport protein (i.e. pump) The binding of a substrate molecule at the active site of an enzyme The binding of a molecule at the active site of an enzyme, but in place of the substrate The allosteric binding of ATP to the phosphofructokinase (an enzyme part of glycolysis)
- Select the correct statement regarding electrochemical gradients. Thermodynamically, electrochemical gradients will maintain their relative concentrations across both sides of the membrane. The cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane has a net positive charge relative to the extracellular side. Ions can freely pass through the cell membrane. Electrochemical gradients are sources of potential energy due to the differences in concentrationsand charge across both sides of the cell membrane. Select the correct statement(s) about transfer RNAs. Codon recognition occurs through specific base-pairing by the anticodon arm. Amino acids are linked to the T-loop. They are transcribed by RNA Polymerase III. There is strict matching requirements at the third position, else the tRNA cannot interact with the codon.Which of the following statements are false? Initial velocities of enzyme reactions are best obtained in the absence of product because it simplifies analysis. Initial velocities refer to the velocity of the reaction right after it is initiated. The velocity of the reaction as a function of measuring time are curved just like an isothermal binding curve because of substrate binding to the enzyme. Initial velocities correspond to the pre-steady state condition for free enzyme. Initial velocities can sometimes be measured by spectroscopy such as UV/Vis spectroscopy when monitoring the production of NADH from NAD+. The velocity of the reaction will eventually go to zero. The reaction will reach equilibrium because of the presence of the enzyme. It is always better to use substrate rather than product to measure enzyme kinetics.Which of the following steps should be followed when performing kinetics experiments? the michaelis constant must be known the enzyme and substrate should not be mixed until just before the absorbance readings are taken reaction rates must be taken until reaction completion enzyme concentration must remain constant
- Which of the following steps should be followed when performing kinetics experiments? Choose all that apply, partial positive and negative mark are given for correct and incorrect answers. enzyme concentration is kept constant for all reactions the enzyme and substrate should be mixed only when the reaction is initiated (when the absorbance readings are taken) the michaelis constant must be known reaction rates must be taken until reaction completionMark any/all statements that are TRUE regarding reactions and enzyme catalysis. Group of answer choices -The role of an enzyme in catalysis is to increase the difference in free-energy between the products and reactants (increase the G for the reaction). -None of these is correct. -The free-energy of a reaction (G) determines the rate of reaction. -In thermodynamics, the term "spontaneous" means that a reaction requires energy to proceed. -The transition state of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is destabilized in comparison to the transition state of the uncatalyzed reaction.The capacity to do work best defines: a metabolic pathway. entropy. kinetic or potential energy. a chemical equilibrium. thermodynamics.
- For each of the statements below about the dUTPase enzyme, mark whether it is true or false. If it is false, change the language to make the statement true. _______If the dUTPase enzyme is the rate determining step in a larger metabolic pathway, the reaction likely lies near to equilibrium and is irreversible. _______For the dUTPase reaction, it is not likely that DG’ = DG°’ _______ dUTPase has a higher affinity for its substrate than for its product, but both of these are higher than the affinity for the transition state _______Kinetic analysis of dUTPase using Michaelis-Menten methods assumes that the formation of the E*S complex has a large negative value for DGGive the products of each of the following processes. the words on the top will match up with the words on the bottom.Discuss the following statement: “enzymes and heat are alike in that both can speed up reactions that—although thermodynamically feasible—do not occur at an appreciable rate because they require a high activation energy. diseases that seem to benefit from the careful application of heat—in the form of hot chicken soup, for example—are therefore likely to be due to the insufficient function of an enzyme.”