Explain the concept of pipelining in computer architecture. What are the stages of a typical pipeline and their functions?

Pipelining is a fundamental concept in computer architecture that enhances the efficiency of instruction execution in modern processors. It allows multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously, breaking down the execution of an instruction into multiple stages. Each stage is responsible for a specific aspect of instruction processing. This parallelism in instruction execution significantly improves the throughput of a processor, enabling faster and more efficient computation.