Explain the concept of fiber-optic cables and their role as a transmission medium.

b) In your own words, define the "skin effect" in transmission lines and discuss how can it be minimised?

3. a) i) ii) b) i) ii) Explain the term Transmission Line in electromagnetics. Give two examples of applications for transmission lines. A signal of 10 V is applied to a 50 2 co-axial transmission line terminated in a 200 2 load. Calculate: What is the key difference between circuit theory and transmission line theory? Discuss how we can use circuit theory to explain transmission line theory. i) the voltage reflection co-efficient, ii) iii) d) i) ii) What is the difference between capacitor and supercapacitor? Considering commercial applications, discuss the major challenges posed by supercapacitors in electric vehicles when replacing batteries that are currently used. (Answer should not exceed 150 words) iii) Give three examples of potential applications of supercapacitor. the magnitude of the reflected voltage, the voltage standing wave ratio.

Y = 5