Explain the concept of differential levelling.

Q: From the following traverse notes, determine the linear error of closure LINE BEARING LENGTH 1-2 N…

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Q: Compute the area given the following cross section notes: Base for cut 9m and for fill %3D =8 m.…

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Q: What is the slope in a fixed support with a settlement of 1 mm? O undefined O 0.5 O1

A: Answer : slope will be zero at fixed support. Option (c)  0. Is correct.

Q: The center height of the road @ STA 7+110 is 2.0 m while @ STA 7+160, it is 1.20 m cut. From STA…

A: Given: The center height of the road at STA 7+110 is 2 m. The cut of the road at STA 7+160 is 1.2 m.…

Q: What is the difference between Relief and Tilt Displacement?

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Q: 3) Module 14 - Earthworks The following shows cross-section notes for a road grading work. x1 -3.2…

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Q: Define meander bends.

A: Meander bends:

Q: Draw & define the Semi-embankment ?

A: Solution: A semi embankment dam is considered a large artificial dam. It is designed by the…

Q: 4.b. Explain most economical trapezoidal channel section for particular side slope.

A: For the most efficient and economical channel section wetted perimeter should be minimum and…

Q: Describe changed conditions for existing slopes.

A: Slope stability is defined as a condition of holding rocks or any structure out against the undergo…

Q: A road is to be constructed in a new cutting. The areas of five equally spaced consecutive…

A: To fund volume of cut fill

Q: Why must we use the Strictler equation to compute Manning's "n" for rip-rap? Couldn't we just look…

A: Strictler equation n = 0.0132D50 where, D50 is the median size of the bed material in millimeters…

Q: Define the process of levelling and level surface.

A: The leveling process consists of the identification of the height of a level with respect to or with…

Q: QUESTION 1 Derive the critical depth for non-rectangular channel section.

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Q: Problem no. 5: A grade of -1.6% grade intersects a grade of +2.7% at Station 12 + 252.10 of…

A: PCsta=PVIsta-L2=12252.1-1112=12+196.6 PCelv=PVIelv-L2=2021+0.016×1112=2021.888Find Equation of the…

Q: 9.8 7.4 +1.2 +2.4 Ol x

A: Let us estimate the value of X in step 2

Q: Given the follow an earthworks fo

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Q: Why does Newton's method consistently outperform gradient descent?

A: Newton's method and gradient descent method are used in numerical optimization Required: To explain…

Q: Describe the procedure of Improving Stability of Slopes?

A: Slope stability analysis:

Q: Which of the following would you prefer in terms of superficial fortification of slopes?  a.…

A: In terms of superficial fortification of slopes geosynthetic clay barrier will be preferred. So, the…

Q: The center height of the road at Sta 5 + 320 is 4.25 m cut. At Sta 5 +420 it is 1.80 m fill. The…

A: Station in the surveying given the location of equipment and the measuring point between the length…

Q: Let's Find the cut and fill volumes that allows for a say a level road is being built @ elevation…

A: Cut and Fill : Cut and fill operation in construction is also known as excavation and embankment…

Q: Explain what is meant by the terms longitudinal section and cross-section and describe the fieldwork…

A: To explain the longitudinal and cross sections and to explain the field work of the same using…

Q: Compute for the area (m?) of cut, considering b is 7.8 meters: 7.92 6.74 + 4.15 - 6.55

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Q: Problem 2 Draw a profile line in the three main planes. Find its slope, the "percent grade" and make…

A: Engineering Scale: In the engineering scale, the relation between the dimension on the drawing and…

Q: Why differential levelling is the most commonly employed method?

A: Differential levelling is the process of measuring vertical distances from known elevation point to…

Q: Bridge TBM2 RL-24.082 m TBMI RL=23.832 m Figure 3 1.433 1.673 99 l't- 1.3932 -3.586 004) Ch 25…

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Q: Workout the Earthwork quantities in embankment and cutting for the chainage length of 600 meters.…

A: Given Data  Formation Width of Road = 20m Side slopes in embankment = 2:1  Side slopes in Cutting =…

Q: Explain the Types of Slope Movements.

A: The slope movements can be defined as it is a movement of mass surface materials like mud, soil,…

Q: The areas in cut of two points of level sections that are 75m apart are 36sqm and 72sqm. Side slope…

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Q: What is the procedure of Improving Stability of Slopes?

A: Stability of slope  A slope is an inclined border surface between an earthwork's air and structure,…

Q: Q2. Please write down how many methods that have been used for levelling.

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Q: Sta BM hydrant TP1 BM1 BM2 TP2 BM Rock BS(ft) Hi(ft) 8.04 6.98 9.05 5.55 10.44 FS(ft) EL(ft) 5.63…

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Q: SITUATION VIII. Given the following cross section notes of an earthwork on an 8m roadway. 6.7 4.75…

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Q: Calculate the side widths and cross-section area of embankment having width =20m and side slope( 1/2…

A: width of the embankment (B) = 20m side slope is in the ratio 1:2 height of the embankment= formation…

Q: What are the Types of Slope Movements? Name them.

A: Slope movement: Slope movement also known as mass wasting or mass movement, is the process of…

Methods of Surveying

Surveying is the practice to determine the relative three-dimensional positions of various points on the earth’s surface. This is done by computing the vertical and horizontal distances, angles between the points, collecting the observations, and plotting them on a map of any appropriate scale. Accuracy can be achieved by using the latest instruments like a theodolite, tachometer, etc. Leveling is a subdivision of surveying where the objective is to locate the elevation of objects considering a datum level.