Explain State Space Representation of Nth order Linear Differential Equation.

2. a) Explain briefly the physical principle/mechanism generating thermal noise with an example b) What is shot noise? Give an example.

Refer to your lecture notes. In a CRT, electrons leave the filament as the current through the filament heats it up. An anode then attracts the free electrons. As the electrons emerge from the small aperture of the anode, they move in the z direction toward the X- and Y-plates. If an oscillating voltage is applied to the Y-plates, this will happen. a. The electron beam will be deflected up and down. O b. The electron beam will stop. O c. The electron beam will continue as normal. O d. The electron beam will be deflected to the right and to the left.

Discuss the concept of integrated circuits (ICs) and how microchips are a subset of ICs. What advantages do microchips offer compared to discrete components?