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Biology

Explain mechanisms of action in endocrine signaling, taking Adrenalin-induced fight or flight response as an example.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter49: Endocrine Regulation

Section49.2: Types Of Endocrine Signaling

Problem 1C

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Concept explainers

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.

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Explain mechanisms of action in endocrine signaling, taking Adrenalin-induced fight or flight response as an example.

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All of the following statements relating to endocrine signaling are correct EXCEPT:
Draw a table to differentiate Nervous System from the Endocrine System in terms of the following: 1. Molecules released 2. Site of action 3. Types of target cells 4. Onset of action 5. Duration of action
Describe how the nervous system and the endocrine system work together in the fight-flight response. Be specific with what parts of the nervous system are at play, the signal pathway, what is released/secreted and what response they create.
Describe the differences in the mechanism of action between ACTH and cortisol in target cells.
Signals carried by hormones must eventually be terminated. Describe several different mechanisms for signal termination.
Trace in a stepwise manner the signaling pathway that involves a g-protein receptor leading to the release of intracellular calcium. Specify what class of hormones would be involved in this pathway.
Explain the situation where the same hormone could have two opposite effects on the body using different receptors (name them and describe specific signaling pathways and resulting outcomes)
Explain how second messenger molecules work. Why use a second messenger rather than simply relying on a more direct hormone-stimulated transduction mechanism?
Describe the main mechanisms by which G proteins are activated upon norepinephrine binding
indicate endocrine signalings function, the type of cell in which it is made and the specific manner in which it acts as a signaling molecule, including the receptor that it binds to.
Explain how the chemical nature of the plasma membrane acts on the two chemical categories of hormones, and thus the type of response each hormone can induce in a target cell. Be sure to thoroughly describe the two types of cellular responses.
Describe the function(s) of Endocrine signaling and explain a possible medical consequence if this type of signaling malfunctioned. You may give a specific example of an actual medical condition OR describe it in more generalized terms.