explain in detail how a B cell gets activated (clonal selection and proliferation) How are T helper cells involved? Cytokines? Where might a B-cell most likelycome in to contact with its antigen? How did that antigen likely get there? What are memory cells?

Q: Which of the following statements about innate lymphoid cells is true? (ONE ANSWER)   Require the…

A: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack a specific antigen receptor but can produce…

Q: Why is it beneficial for a B cell to become anergic if no TH recognizes an antigen fragment that the…

A: Generally B cell responses to antigen require the interaction of B cells with T helper cells.…

Q: _______and ________are part of the adaptive immune system and able to establish immunological…

A: Immune response is defined as the process where the immune cells of the body recognizes the incoming…

Q: Helper T cells that have been activated   a Can activate macrophages b Can stimulate cytotoxic T…

A: The major histocompatibility complex, abbreviated as MHC, is a set or group of glycoproteins that…

Q: What body structure is the site of T cell maturation?

A: T cells are also known as T lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells which are essential for…

Q: 1. "First line of defense barrier" that the pathogen breaches is either or shoop 3 afin of innate…

A: White blood cells or WBC are responsible for protecting our body from foreign pathogens. They are…

Q: After a B-cell antibody binds to its antigen, what happens next? O antigen/antibody complex is…

A: Immunity is a phenomenon that builds up inside the body of organism in order to eradicate foreign…

Q: Which cells would make the antibodies to help the body fight off SLE? O Cytotoxic T-Cells Natural…

A: SLE is an autoimmune disorder in which immune system attack self cells.  Cytotoxic T cells and…

Q: are part of the adaptive immune system and able to establish immunological and memory. These mark…

A: Immune response is defined as the process through which the body's immune cells recognise invading…

Q: Mature B cells in the periphery may be made tolerant (unresponsive) by- The lack of co-stimulatory…

A: Mature B cell lack of response can lead to the cause of autoimmune diseases. These mature B cells…

Q: A seed containsa. a seed coat. b. cotyledon(s).c. an embryo. d. stored food.e. All of these are…

A: Seeds are produced from ripened ovules and after fertilization. Embryo emerges from the zygote, and…

Q: Naive T cells in CD69-knockout mice might: Group of answer choices   Have a defect in recognizing…

A: The immune system has two types of about trillion lymphocytes cells, called B-lymphocytes and…

Q: A major outcome in response to the is the production of O complement cascade activation; a MAC in…

A: It is a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever is…

Q: 2. Identify the process shown in Diagram 2. What is the function of the T cell in this process?

A: Need to find the process of diagram 2 and the function of T cell in it.

Q: On immune cells: Microphages or dendritic cells Activation and proliferation of "naive" B cells by…

A: Immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist or defend against infectious diseases and…

Q: Mast cell products which cause T cells to produce GM-CSF and become encephalitogenic? O IL-6 and…

A: Mast cells These are the key element in the inflammatory actions. There are several potent molecules…

Q: What co-receptor do Helper T cells use? MHC2 CDK1 CD4 O CD8

A: What co-receptor do Helper T cells use? A. MHC2 B. CDK1 C. CD4 D. CD8 Introduction: Helper T cell is…

Q: // Which of the following is NOT true of Helper T cells. It recognizes virus peptides on an…

A: The immune system of the body is the system which protects the body against attack by foreign…

Q: If a B cell receptor does not pass selection, is it better to be self-reactive against a…

A: In the primary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes and spleen, the selection is positive and…

Q: How does a naïve B cell in the lymph node ‘see’ antigen, e.g. by itself or in association with cells…

A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…

Q: A 40- year-old patient after stress reaction has accidental involution of tymus and decreasing…

A: The thymus gland is a bi-lobed structure that sits directly above the heart and beneath the sternum.…

Q: When B-Cells activate they are put into 3 different types. What are they and their fuctions?

A: B-cell is responsible for the humoral side of immunity because B-cell has the capability of…

Q: Cells whose main function is in specific defenses, but not in nonspecific defenses include: O…

A: Immunity is of 2 types - specific and non specific.  Specific immunity or defence is the immune…

Q: The receptors (TLRS and NLRS) phagocytes use to bind to foreign antigens are collectively called

A: Pattern recognition receptor: - The first source of defense against any pathogen is "Innate immune"…

Q: Opsonization" refers to one unique naïve T Lymphocyte only recognizing one specific epitope on one…

A: # Here I have solved only first question. please send one by one in the portal.  Option 4 is correct…

Q: How is a B-cell receptor similar to an antibody?

A: B (bone marrow) cells of the immune system are an important component. They are lymphocytes. The…

Q: Which of the following is expressed on B cells and increases their ability to respond to antigen?…

A: B cells are white blood cells that play an important role in the immune response. When they come…

Q: What problems would arise if a person had a hereditary deficiency that resulted in an inability to…

A: Malnutrition is the key component which cause immunodeficiency. It occur when one or more…

Q: Select all that apply: Which of the cells kill in the same manner? ONK cells Regulartory T cells O…

A: NK cells are a type of lymphocyte, which is a white blood cell involved in the immune response. NK…

Q: B cells are activated by a. soluble, intact antigens; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of…

A: Major  histocompatibility complex are closely linked polymorphic genes that code for cell surface…

Q: Which of the following is also called a CD8 or killer T cell? Macrophage B lymphocyte Ohelper T…

A: Introduction:- A complex system consisting of different cells and organs that protects our body by…

Q: Macrophages typically present antigens to T cells. However, macrophages that reside in the…

A: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that engulf and digest cellular debris, foreign…

Q: In the process shown in Diagram 2, what performs the function most similar to that of the activated…

A: Humans have a well-developed immune system to fight the foreign particles entering our bodies. There…

Q: Immature B cells arriving in the spleen turn over rapidly and require cytokines and positive signals…

A: Immature B cells are progenitors to B cells, which play an important role in preventing…

Q: This cell type is thought to initiate the demyelination associated with MS       T cell…

A: The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of brain and spinal cord that is the main component of…

Q: Where do B-cells proliferate and mature? Group of answer choices Thymus Red bone marrow Liver Small…

A: B-cells are also called B lymphocytes. These are types of white blood cells of the lymphocyte…

Q: How do activated B cells fight a current infection?

A: Cell mediated immunity: this type of immune response involves activation of helper and cytotoxic T…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.