Explain how macromolecules are broken down into cellular respiration intermediates to produce ATP

Q: Draw a schematic diagram on the Oxidative phosphorylation and identify the input and output…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which cells used engine to oxidize nutrient to…

Q: Contrast substrate-level phosphorylation andchemiosmosis as methods of ATP synthesis.

A: Substrate level phosphorylation is when ADP is converted to ATP by the direct transfer of a…

Q: Explain the role of enzymes within the cell and detail the specific enzyme activity of one of the…

A: Enzymes are proteins in nature. They help speed up the reaction or metabolic pathways. All living…

Q: Describe the components of the electron transport chain and how they generate a proton motive force.

A: Step 1 Terminal oxidation is the final step of aerobic respiration which involves the release of…

Q: Explain the role of ATP in anabolism and catabolism

A: The cells of the body required a ready supply of cellular energy which is used in many of their…

Q: Explain the purpose of a metabolic pathway and howenzymes help regulate it.

A: Our body involves several chemical reactions, which include the enzyme to bind substrate and result…

Q: Define ATP synthase

A: ATP synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine…

Q: Describe how the hydrolysis of ATP can drive nonspontaneous reactions in a cell.

A: Answer: Introduction: ATP – adenosine triphosphate is energy-rich molecule present in the cells of…

Q: Describe the relationships among endergonic reactions, ATP hydrolysis, and cellular respiration.

A: Endergonic reactions are defined as a non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which the free energy…

Q: Explain how a series of three conformational changes enables ATP synthase to make ATP

A: Enzymes are proteins that perform specific functions. Adenosine triphosphate synthase (ATP synthase)…

Q: Use the word bank to complete the table regarding where the phases of cellular respiration occur in…

A: Step 1:  Location in prokaryotic cells Location in eukaryotic cellsGlycolysis…

Q: Describe what happens to a cell’s ability to produce ATP when oxygen is not available

A: A cell is defined as a membrane-bound structure that will occur as a functional and independent life…

Q: The products of cellular respiration are used in which other chemical process?

A: Cellular respiration is the process of oxidation of carbohydrates especially glucose to derive…

Q: Explain why compounds such as cyanide that disrupt the electron transport chain are poisons

A: Electron transport chain: Electrons are deposited in electron transport chain and electrons move to…

Q: Define metabolic pathway

A: A metabolic pathway is a step-by-step series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a…

Q: Identify the final acceptor of the electrons released in the reactions of cellular respiration.

A: Cellular respiration is known as a metabolic pathway that results in the breakdown of glucose and…

Q: Describe the overall equation for cellular respiration.

A: A complex process that breaks down glucose in aerobic conditions to form ATP is known as Cellular…

Q: Explain the electron transport chain & ATP synthase, and point out active (require energy) and…

A: Electron transport chain is series of reaction which uses the redox energy of NADH and FADH,…

Q: Which stage of cellular respiration collects the most electrons for the electron transport chain?

A: Cellular respiration is an exergonic process.  The main function of electron transport and oxidative…

Q: How can ADP be recycled again to form ATP?

A: To understand how ADP can by recycled back, we need to first understand how ATP is converted to ADP.…

Q: Describe the transfer of energy in glycolysis

A: Introduction:       A metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions that take place…

Q: Explain how the electron transport chain in cellular respiration works.

A: The electron transport chain is a progression of four protein complex which makes an electrochemical…

Q: Explain why oxygen is not needed in glycolysis but is in the electron transport chain. How is water…

A: Glycolysis is the interaction by which one molecule of glucose is converted over into two molecules…

Q: What is the relationship between energy-requiring reactions, ATP hydrolysis, and cellular…

A: Answer :  Endergonic reaction require energy input, as reactants contain less energy than products.…

Q: Cellular energy is produced by a process that involves the oxidation of carbon atoms. True or false…

A: The process of metabolic reactions inside a cell in which nutrients and oxygen molecules or an…

Q: Define electron-transport chain

A: In physiology, the term electron-transport chain refers to the chain of complex structures made up…

Q: Describe how ATP is produced in the electron transport chain. Use the terms: electrons, NADH, ATP…

A: Aerobic cellular respiration is a metabolic process of combining molecular oxygen with glucose from…

Q: Describe the key components of the electron-transport chain and how they are arranged

A: Introduction  All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.…

Q: Describe the processes of energy production in the cell

A: Energy generation is a exceptionally important process in cells. It gives cells the fuel they need…

Q: Explain the role of electron carriers in the biological system. What are the two main electron…

A: The process by which living organisms generate energy through the breakdown of organic molecules is…

Q: Describe in general terms the structural makeup of a mitochondrion.

A: An organelle is a specialized structure that presents inside a cell. Mitochondria is a…

Q: explain in detail the electron transport chain in cellular respiration

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels such as carbohydrates, proteins and…

Q: List the steps describing how the ATP synthase works to make ATP

A: ATP  is the energy currency of cells. Mainly produce by the ATP synthase enzyme present on the inner…

Q: Explain what “redox” (oxidation/reduction) reactions are and how they relate to cellular…

A: Oxidizing agent is a molecule which gains electron and reduces itself where as reducing agent is a…

Q: Explain how cellular ATP is replenished by phosphagens.

A: 3 different mechanisms - the phosphagen system, glycolysis, and the oxidative system - replenish ATP…

Q: Describe the structure and primary function of mitochondria.

A: Cells are the basic unit of life as no living organism can have life without being cellular because…

Q: What is the carrier molecule in the electron Transport chain (in Cellular Respiration)

A: Electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that transfer electron donors to electron…

Q: Consider the involvement of electrons in the Electron Transport Chain of Cellular Respiration. What…

A: The process by which organisms convert the nutrients from food into energy in the form of ATP…

Q: Contrast the functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and discuss ATP synthesis by each of these…

A: Mitochondria are double membrane bound organelles found in all the eukaryotic cells. The avarage…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.