Experiments carried out by French chemists Jacques Alexandre César Charles and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and British physicist Lord Kelvin determined a quantitative relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas. Their data showed that for a container of gas held at constant pressure, the volume and temperature are directly proportional. For example, if you inflate a balloon outdoors with cold air on a cold day and then take it inside, it will expand, and it might even burst. This happens because as the temperature of the air inside the balloon increases, the volume of the balloon increases as well. What is less obvious is the quantitative relation: If the pressure is held constant, then when the temperature is doubled, the volume is doubled as well. Part A According to Charles's law, for a fixed quantity of gas at constant pressure, which the given quantities is constant? ▸ View Available Hint(s) O O VxT O V +T Submit Part B A balloon was filled to a volume of 2.50 L when the temperature was 30.0°C. What would the volume become if the temperature dropped to 11.0°C. Express your answer with the appropriate units. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Value Submit μÀ Part C → C Units ? Refrigerators are usually kept at about 5°C, while room temperature is about 20°C. If you were to take an "empty" sealed 2-liter soda bottle room temperature and place it in the fridge, would you expect it to contract to one-fourth its original volume? O Yes, because 5 is one-fourth of 20. O No, because there is no gas inside the bottle. O No, because Celsius is not an absolute temperature scale.
Experiments carried out by French chemists Jacques Alexandre César Charles and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and British physicist Lord Kelvin determined a quantitative relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas. Their data showed that for a container of gas held at constant pressure, the volume and temperature are directly proportional. For example, if you inflate a balloon outdoors with cold air on a cold day and then take it inside, it will expand, and it might even burst. This happens because as the temperature of the air inside the balloon increases, the volume of the balloon increases as well. What is less obvious is the quantitative relation: If the pressure is held constant, then when the temperature is doubled, the volume is doubled as well. Part A According to Charles's law, for a fixed quantity of gas at constant pressure, which the given quantities is constant? ▸ View Available Hint(s) O O VxT O V +T Submit Part B A balloon was filled to a volume of 2.50 L when the temperature was 30.0°C. What would the volume become if the temperature dropped to 11.0°C. Express your answer with the appropriate units. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Value Submit μÀ Part C → C Units ? Refrigerators are usually kept at about 5°C, while room temperature is about 20°C. If you were to take an "empty" sealed 2-liter soda bottle room temperature and place it in the fridge, would you expect it to contract to one-fourth its original volume? O Yes, because 5 is one-fourth of 20. O No, because there is no gas inside the bottle. O No, because Celsius is not an absolute temperature scale.
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter5: Gases
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 175MP
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Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:Experiments carried out by French chemists Jacques Alexandre César Charles
and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and British physicist Lord Kelvin determined a
quantitative relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas. Their
data showed that for a container of gas held at constant pressure, the volume
and temperature are directly proportional.
For example, if you inflate a balloon outdoors with cold air on a cold day and
then take it inside, it will expand, and it might even burst. This happens because
as the temperature of the air inside the balloon increases, the volume of the
balloon increases as well. What is less obvious is the quantitative relation: If the
pressure is held constant, then when the temperature is doubled, the volume is
doubled as well.
Part A
According to Charles's law, for a fixed quantity of gas at constant pressure, which of the given quantities is constant?
► View Available Hint(s)
OF
O VXT
O V +T
Submit
Part B
A balloon was filled to a volume of 2.50 L when the temperature was 30.0°C. What would the volume become if the temperature dropped to 11.0°C.
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
▸ View Available Hint(s)
■μÅ
Value
Submit
Part C
Units
?
Refrigerators are usually kept at about 5°C, while room temperature is about 20°C. If you were to take an "empty" sealed 2-liter soda bottle at room temperature and place it in the fridge,
would you expect it to contract to one-fourth its original volume?
O Yes, because 5 is one-fourth of 20.
O
No, because there is no gas inside the bottle.
O No, because Celsius is not an absolute temperature scale.
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