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Expalin Visceral nervous system.
The Nervous system is divided into three types namely,
a) Central Nervous System [CNS]
b) Peripheral Nervous System [PNS]
c) Autonomous Nervous System [ANS].
The ANS control involuntary functions of visceral organs. therefore, they are also known as visceral nervous system. The ANS is auto functioning and self governed. It is a part of peripheral neural system that innervates smooth muscles, glands and cardiac muscle. It controls and coordinates the involuntary activities of various organs. The controlling centre of ANS is in the hypothalamus.
Autonomic neural system comprises of the following components:
a) Pre-ganglionic neuron whose cell body is in the brain or spinal cord; its myelinated axon exits the CNS as part
of cranial or spinal nerve and ends in an autonomic ganglion.
b) Autonomic ganglion consists of axon of pre-ganglionic neuron and cell bodies of post-ganglionic neuron.
c) Post-ganglionic neuron conveys nerve impulses from autonomic ganglia to visceral effector organs.
The autonomic neural system consists of two divisions namely,
a) Sympathetic neural system
b) Parasympathetic neural system
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| It is considered as the flight or fight system. | It is considered as ‘The Rest and Digest System’ or ‘The Feed and Breed System’. |
| It originates in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord. | It originates in the cranial region of the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord. |
| Its ganglia are linked up to form a chain. | Its ganglia remain isolated. |
| Pre-ganglionic fibres are short while the post-ganglionic fibres are long. | Pre-ganglionic fibres are long while the post-ganglionic fibres are short. |
| It is adrenergic due to the release of Noradrenaline at the terminal ends of the post-ganglionic fibres at the effector organs. |
It is cholinergic due to the release of Acetylcholine at the terminal ends of the post-ganglionic fibres at the effector organs. |
| Active during stressful conditions. | Active during relaxing time. |
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