Execute the following commands in Linux and write their output 1. ping : This command is used to test connectivity between two nodes. Ping use ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to communicate to other devices. You can ping host name or ip address using below command. Example: ping www.google.com $ping Output: $ping localhost Output: $ping Output: 2. hostname Gives the host name of the computer they are logged into. To set the hostname permanently use /etc/sysconfig/network file. $hostname Output : 3. traceroute traceroute is a network troubleshooting utility which shows number of hops taken to reach destination also determine packets traveling path $traceroute ip-address Output 4. netstat Netstat (Network Statistic) command displays interfaces, connection information, routing table information etc. $netstat Output : Execute it with the following options and write the output: netstat –t netstat –s –t netstat -i 5. ifconfig ifconfig is used for displaying network interface information. $/sbin/ifconfig Output :

Execute the following commands in Linux and write their output
1. ping :
This command is used to test connectivity between two nodes. Ping use ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to communicate to other devices. You can ping host name or ip address using below command.
Example: ping www.google.com
$ping <server-ip-address>
Output:
$ping localhost
Output:
$ping <other-ip-in-network>
Output:

2. hostname
Gives the host name of the computer they are logged into. To set the hostname permanently use /etc/sysconfig/network file.
$hostname
Output :

3. traceroute

traceroute is a network troubleshooting utility which shows number of hops taken to reach destination also determine packets traveling path

$traceroute ip-address
Output

4. netstat
Netstat (Network Statistic) command displays interfaces, connection information, routing table information etc.

$netstat
Output :

Execute it with the following options and write the output:
netstat –t netstat –s –t netstat -i

5. ifconfig
ifconfig is used for displaying network interface information.

$/sbin/ifconfig
Output :

6. who

Displays information of all users who are logged in

$who

Output :

7. whoami

The whoami command writes the user name (i.e., login name) of the owner of the current login session to standard output.

$whoami
Output :

8. nmap

Network mapper tool to discover hosts and services on a computer network.

$ nmap <ip-address>

Output :

$ nmap <server-ip-address>

Output :

9. tcpdump

Tcpdump prints out a description of the contents of packets on a network interface that match the boolean expression; the description is preceded by a time stamp, printed, by default, as hours, minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second since midnight.

Sample output for ARP protocol:

arp who-has 128.3.254.6 tell 128.3.254.68 arp reply 128.3.254.6 is-at 02:07:01:00:01:c4

$ tcpdump

Output :